Comparative Study of Metabolic Effects of Estradiol Benzoate and Testosterone Propionate in Man123

Knowlton, Kathryn; Kenyon, Allan T.; Sandiford, Irene; Lotwin, Gertrude; Fricker, Ruth

doi:10.1210/jcem-2-12-671

Cited by 55 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies (23,24) have shown that estrogens, besides stimulating female reproductive structures, have three general metabolic effects: (a) Deposition of protoplasm (anabolic effect). In adult women, with doses of estrogen 2-10 times greater than used here, the anabolic effect was 9-27 g protoplasm/kg BW1 X 10' per day (according to application of equations in footnote 3 to data in references 19 and 20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Effects of Human Growth Hormone and of Estrogens in Boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Rudman¹,

Chyatte²,

Patterson³

et al. 1972

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T Metabolic balance studies were conducted in seven boys with Duchenne-type muscular dystrophy, and in six normal boys of similar age, during a 12 day control period and during a 12 day period of treatment with human growth hormone (HGH) at the following doses: 0.0168, 0.0532, and 0.168 U/kg body weight (BW)f per day (doses A, B, and C, respectively). In five of the six normals, dose C caused positive balances in N, P, Na, and K; doses B and A had anabolic effects in two and one normal subjects, respectively. In six of the seven Duchenne cases, dose C caused negative balances of N and K, and sometimes of P. Negative balances were produced in three of the Duchenne subjects by dose B, and in one by dose A. None of the dystrophy cases exhibited an anabolic response to any dosage of HGH tested.The release of endogenous HGH in response to insulin, after 2 days' pretreatment with diethylstilbestrol, was similar in both groups of subjects. In the course of these tests, a marked anabolic effect of diethylstilbestrol in the Duchenne patients was apparent. Therefore metabolic balance studies were repeated, in both Duchenne and normal cases, during a 12 day control period and during 12 days of treatment with diethylstilbestrol (0.106 mg/kg BW1 per day). In three of the normal children, diethylstilbestrol had no effect on the elemental balances; in two cases, a retention of Na was observed. In all seven Duchenne cases, diethylstilbestrol caused positive balances in N. P, Na, and K. Ethinyl estradiol (0.0106 mg/kg BW1 per day) produced positive N, P, Na, and

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Effects of Human Growth Hormone and of Estrogens in Boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Rudman¹,

Chyatte²,

Patterson³

et al. 1972

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…The patient responded, however, to a dose of estradiol benzoate which represents approximately ten times the replacement dosage for a subject this age with an appropriate anabolic effect, evidencing, in fact, a distinct retention of creatine. The latter is quite characteristic of the anabolic response to testosterone but not that resulting from estradiol (27). A slight anabolic response to administered HCG has been reported in another patient with this syndrome, and it was suggested that this might have been due to endogenous estrogen (28).…”

Section: Plasma Steroids and Steroid Bindingmentioning

confidence: 91%

Androgens and Androgen Responsiveness in the Feminizing Testis Syndrome. Comparison of Complete and “Incomplete” Forms¹

Rosenfield

Lawrence

Liao

et al. 1971

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

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The metabolic response to androgens was studied in a patient with the complete syndrome of testicular feminization in whom the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone by skin homogenates was below normal. The subject not only failed to manifest an anabolic response to chorionic gonadotropin and testosterone propionate, but also failed to respond to dihydrotestosterone and dihydrotestosterone acetate. Steroid dosages were those sufficient to induce maximal anabolism in normal men or women. The anticipated anabolic effect of estradiol benzoate was readily demonstrated. It is accordingly proposed that the resistance to androgen resulted from an abnormality of specific androgen retention by target cell nuclei or in the subsequent chain of intracellular events initiated by androgen. It is suggested that the remarkable degree of breast development in the complete syndrome is the result of the unopposed action of estrogen of testicular origin, acting upon mammary primordia not subjected to antenatal inhibition by androgen. The diagnosis of "incomplete testicular feminization" was presumed in a pubertal male pseudohermaphrodite on the basis of absent miillerian derivatives, early breast development, and evidence compatible with androgen insensitivity. Two experimental observations supported the concept of end organ resistance to the effects of androgen. The degree of development of secondary sex characteristics was seemingly poor considering the nearly adult male level of plasma testosterone. Delayed, if any, anabolic response resulted from chorionic gonadotropin stimulation in spite of a rise in plasma testosterone from 233 to 770 ng/100 ml. That no more than partial androgen resistance existed was indicated by the observation that an anabolic response was induced by both dihydrotestosterone acetate and testosterone propionate at plasma levels of unconjugated steroid over 1000-2000 ng/100 ml. Intracellular formation of dihydrotestosterone from testosterone was normal. No abnormality in the plasma concentration of androgenic intermediary metabolites was demonstrated in either patient. The comparative studies suggest that complete and incomplete forms of the feminizing testes syndrome exist which may differ in the degree or nature of androgen resistance. (J Clin Endocr 32: 625, 1971) T HE COMPLETE syndrome of testicular feminization is clinically characterized by a female phenotype with normal feminization, absent miillerian derivatives, and sparse or absent sexual hair in association with an XY karyotype and cryptorchid testes. Resistance to the effects of androgen has been demonstrated in such subjects by failure of testosterone admin-

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“…Later, the same group of workers (5), in a study of premenstrual fluid retention, found that decreased urinary excretion of salt and water was in two patients associated with an increased output of estrogenic material in the urine. Knowlton, Kenyon, Sandiford, Lotwin, and Fricker (6) found diminished urinary excretion of sodium following the daily administration of estradiol in one normal woman, but Sharpey-Schafer and Schrire (7), using twice the amount of estradiol in ten women, found no alteration in urinary volume. As part of an investigation into the possible role of estrogens in the fluid retention of liver disease it became necessary to establish the effect of continued estrogen administration on water and electrolyte metabolism in the normal.…”

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confidence: 97%

The Effect of Estrogen on Water and Electrolyte Metabolism. I. The Normal

Preedy¹,

Aitken²

1956

J. Clin. Invest.

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The possibility that estrogens might under certain circumstances influence water and electrolyte metabolism is suggested by several observations. For instance, estrogens are related chemically to the strongly sodium-retaining steroid desoxycorticosterone (1); the recurrent ankle edema observed in some women before menstruation was considered by Fluhmann (2) to be associated with an increase in blood estrogen levels; and the edema frequently found in late pregnancy occurs at a time when estrogen production is at its height (3).These considerations led several workers to attempt to establish a direct relationship between water and salt retention on the one hand, and estrogenic activity on the other. Thorn and Engel (4) found sodium, chloride and water retention after a single injection of estrogen into male dogs. Later, the same group of workers (5), in a study of premenstrual fluid retention, found that decreased urinary excretion of salt and water was in two patients associated with an increased output of estrogenic material in the urine. Knowlton, Kenyon, Sandiford, Lotwin, and Fricker (6) found diminished urinary excretion of sodium following the daily administration of estradiol in one normal woman, but Sharpey-Schafer and Schrire (7), using twice the amount of estradiol in ten women, found no alteration in urinary volume. As part of an investigation into the possible role of estrogens in the fluid retention of liver disease it became necessary to establish the effect of continued estrogen administration on water and electrolyte metabolism in the normal. Water and electrolyte balance studies were therefore carried out in eleven normal subjects, and the effect of daily administration of estrogen observed. PROCEDUREEleven subjects without evidence of cardiac, hepatic, renal or other disease likely to affect water and electrolyte metabolism, were selected from the wards of The London Hospital. Five subjects were under treatment for peptic ulcer, during which time no medication other than magnesium trisilicate or aluminum hydroxide was given. Two subjects had sciatic nerve pain, one osteoarthritis of the hip, one torn medial meniscus of the knee, one hallux valgus, and in one a tuberculous pleural effusion had subsided three weeks previously.Each subject underwent a water and electrolyte balance study, lasting approximately two weeks and divided into two periods-the first a "control period," and the second an "estrogen period," during which daily injections of estrogen were given. The subjects were given a normal diet, gauged in amount and composition to individual appetite, and remaining constant throughout the study in respect of Cl, Na, K, PO, water and calorie content. Diet composition was calculated from appropriate tables (8). Sample dietary analyses were not carried out. The balance diet was commenced 2 to 3 days before any observations were made. Since this diet corresponded closely in composition to previous intake in each case, no longer period for metabolic adjustment was considered necessary. In ...

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Comparative Study of Metabolic Effects of Estradiol Benzoate and Testosterone Propionate in Man123

Cited by 55 publications

References 0 publications

Metabolic Effects of Human Growth Hormone and of Estrogens in Boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Metabolic Effects of Human Growth Hormone and of Estrogens in Boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Androgens and Androgen Responsiveness in the Feminizing Testis Syndrome. Comparison of Complete and “Incomplete” Forms¹

The Effect of Estrogen on Water and Electrolyte Metabolism. I. The Normal

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Comparative Study of Metabolic Effects of Estradiol Benzoate and Testosterone Propionate in Man123

Cited by 55 publications

References 0 publications

Metabolic Effects of Human Growth Hormone and of Estrogens in Boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Metabolic Effects of Human Growth Hormone and of Estrogens in Boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Androgens and Androgen Responsiveness in the Feminizing Testis Syndrome. Comparison of Complete and “Incomplete” Forms1

The Effect of Estrogen on Water and Electrolyte Metabolism. I. The Normal

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Androgens and Androgen Responsiveness in the Feminizing Testis Syndrome. Comparison of Complete and “Incomplete” Forms¹