Comparative study of morphological changes in hardwoods treated with the ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride

Kanbayashi, Toru; Miyafuji, Hisashi

doi:10.1007/s10086-014-1389-z

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This behavior is attributable to the significant swelling that occurs after an ionic liquid treatment has been performed; this swelling is caused by the presence of thicker tracheid cell walls in latewood compared with those in earlywood. However, in cases where hardwood samples such as beech wood, were similarly treated, destruction similar to those observed in Japanese cedar were not observed, although the swelling behaviors of vessels and wood fibers were found to differ from one another [35,36]. Additionally, in cases where 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [C2mim][Ac] was used, similar changes were observed in the wood samples [37].…”

Section: Application In Chemical Use Dissolution and Component Separamentioning

confidence: 65%

Application of ionic liquids for effective use of woody biomass

Miyafuji

2015

J Wood Sci

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Ionic liquids are salts that have melting points around ambient temperature and unique characteristics, such as high solubility, extremely low volatility, incombustibility and low viscosity. Application of ionic liquids in wood processing technology has attracted attention and is expected to promote further use of wood. They are effective as wood-preserving agents to enhance decay-resistance and also improve fire resistance of wood. Ionic liquids have been used as reaction solvents for preparing various cellulose derivatives or composites with other materials. Attempts have been made to use ionic liquids in pretreatments for enzymatic hydrolysis when producing bio-ethanol from cellulose or wood. Ionic liquids also have been shown to be effective for dissolution of cellulose or wood, forming the basis for studies into the separation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin from wood. The effective separation of these components is essential for chemical use of wood, and ionic liquid treatment thus has potential as an enabling technique in biorefineries. Moreover, ionic liquids induce depolymerization of solubilized wood polymers, which may be applicable to the production of useful chemicals from wood polymers such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.

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Section: Application In Chemical Use Dissolution and Component Separamentioning

confidence: 65%

Application of ionic liquids for effective use of woody biomass

Miyafuji

2015

J Wood Sci

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“…Morphological features of wood cell walls during the liquefaction process in ionic liquid were determined by light microscopy [33][34][35][36][37][38]. (Figure 2c).…”

Section: Application Of Microscopy Techniques To Examine Wood Liquefamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in the cell wall area of fibrous cells in the earlywood and latewood of various wood species during [C2mim][Cl] treatment at 120°C[35,36].…”

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confidence: 99%

Microscopic Investigations on Woody Biomass as Treated with Ionic Liquids

Kanbayashi¹,

Miyafuji²

2016

Microscopy and Analysis

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Woody biomass is one of the most promising renewable alternatives to fossil resources. However, some physical and chemical treatment is required to convert their chemical components into biofuels and valuable chemicals because of their low degradative properties. Recently, there has been considerable interest in ionic liquid treatment for biorefinery, and many fundamental studies on the reactivity of wood with ionic liquids have been performed from a chemical and morphological point of view. This chapter highlights the findings regarding morphological and topochemical features of wood cell walls in the degradation process as a result of ionic liquid treatment. "right-field microscopy and scanning electron microscopy have revealed the swelling behavior of cell walls and the detailed ultrastructural features of wood tissues treated with ionic liquid. Polarized light microscopy and confocal Raman microscopy have clarified the changes in cellulose crystallinity and distribution of chemical compositions such as polysaccharides and lignin during ionic liquid treatment at the cellular level.Keywords: "iorefinery, Cell wall, Liquefaction, Ionic liquid, Wood . IntroductionThe efficient use of lignocellulosics has been an important approach to prevent exhaustion of fossil resources and global warming caused by increasing emissions of greenhouse gases. "mong the various types of lignocellulosics, woody biomass is regarded as a promising resource because it is carbon neutral, abundantly available in many regions, and does not compete with agricultural production. Wood cell walls decompose to form persistent organic complexes mainly composed of cellulose % , hemicellulose % , and lignin % [ , ]. To convert ]. However, woody biomass is a very inhomogeneous composite at the cell level. Wood comprises various types of tissues such as the tracheid, wood fibers, vessels, and parenchyma. In addition, wood cell walls consist of several layers a compound middle lamella middle lamella + primary wall CML and a secondary wall S , which is generally composed of S , S , and S sublayers. The chemical components and distribution vary depending on the wood species, types of tissues and their layers [ ]. Therefore, to improve the chemical conversion process using ionic liquids, a better understanding of the effects of ionic liquid treatment of wood, such as the interaction of wood with ionic liquids at the cell level and the deconstruction behavior of various types of tissues in ionic liquids, are required.In this chapter, we focus on morphological and topochemical studies on the liquefaction of wood in ionic liquids, especially -ethyl--methylimidazolium chloride [C mim lignin [ ], respectively. "right-field microscopy and polarized light microscopy were employed to determine the swelling and decomposition behaviors of wood cell walls and the state of cellulose crystallinity during ionic liquids treatment. Scanning electron microscopy SEM was used to observe the detailed ultrastructural changes in various wood tissues treated with ...

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“…Wood, especially softwood, can dissolve in various ILs such as a mixture of 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) [4,5], and then pure cellulose could be separated. Miyafuji et al [7,11,12] reported that wood components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are depolymerized during liquefaction by ILs treatment. The authors concluded that the liquefaction of softwood and hardwood with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Emim]Cl) is not homogeneous from both chemical and morphological viewpoints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors concluded that the liquefaction of softwood and hardwood with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Emim]Cl) is not homogeneous from both chemical and morphological viewpoints. The morphological changes were also analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopy methods [7,11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycled ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate pretreatment for enhancing enzymatic saccharification of softwood without cellulose regeneration

et al. 2017

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In this work, pretreatment of wood meals using a recycled ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim] Ac), enhanced glucose liberation by enzymatic saccharification, without dissolution of cellulose and lignin. In contrast, previous studies on IL pretreatment have mostly focused on lignocellulosic dissolution to regenerate cellulose and removing lignin. Softwood (Cryptomeria japonica) was pretreated with [Emim]Ac at 60-100 °C for 2-8 h without collecting regenerated cellulose. The pretreatment did not have a strong effect on wood component dissolution (weight of residues: 91.7-98.8%). The residues contained relatively high amounts of lignin (26.6-32.6%) with low adsorption of [Emim]Ac (0.9-2.7%). Meanwhile, the crystallinity index (C r I) of cellulose in the wood was significantly reduced by pretreatment, from 50.9% to 28.4-37.1%. In spite of the high lignin contents in the residues, their glucose liberation values by enzymatic saccharification using a cellulase mixture were 3-16 times greater than that of untreated wood. A good correlation was found between the saccharification effectiveness of pretreated samples and the C r I. Although lignin dissolved in [Emim]Ac continued to accumulate after repeated use of [Emim]Ac, the pretreatment was found to be effective for three consecutive cycles without the need to remove the dissolved materials.

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Comparative study of morphological changes in hardwoods treated with the ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

Application of ionic liquids for effective use of woody biomass

Application of ionic liquids for effective use of woody biomass

Microscopic Investigations on Woody Biomass as Treated with Ionic Liquids

Recycled ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate pretreatment for enhancing enzymatic saccharification of softwood without cellulose regeneration

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