“…Id and IRsh are the parallel currents through the diode and parallel resistance Rsh, respectively. Io is the cell's reverse saturation current, also known as the "dark current", q is the electron charge (1.602×10 -19 C), n is the diode ideality factor of a value is between 1 and 2, K is the Boltzmann's constant (1.381×10 -23 J/K), T is the PV cell temperature (K), and Ns is the number of series-connected solar cells to organize the utilized PV module [1,8,9]. In this paper, the BP SX150S PV of Ns =72 cells is utilized to produce a peak power output of 150 W at standard technical condition (STC).…”