Comparative study of NF and RO membranes in the treatment of produced water II: Toxicity removal efficiency

Pressure enhanced fouling and adapted anti-fouling strategy in pressure assisted osmosis (PAO)

“…Air scouring and chemical cleaning have also been investigated and provided positive results [31,32], but these techniques remain more difficult to implement in practice. Osmotic backwash has been extensively studied in the RO literature for both seawater desalination and wastewater reuse systems [33][34][35][36][37][38]. The specific protocol of combining osmotic backwash-to loosen the fouling layer-followed by high CFV flushing to facilitate the removal of loosened fouling through hydrodynamics, has proved to be very effective [37].…”

Evaluation of the transport parameters and physiochemical properties of forward osmosis membranes after treatment of produced water

“…This is especially true in the oil and gas industry, where rapid oil field exploration has spurred the development of tight-barrier membrane processes for treatment of wastewaters like hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced waters [3][4][5][6][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. While exceedingly higher total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations in produced water has been a traditional hurdle for a variety of water treatment technologies, the prevalence of dissolved organic and aromatic compounds in oil field wastewaters has gained significant attention [16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

“…The application of semipermeable polymeric membranes for dewatering of complex feed streams, and especially those laden with a variety of organic compounds and hydrocarbons, has increased in recent years [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. This is especially true in the oil and gas industry, where rapid oil field exploration has spurred the development of tight-barrier membrane processes for treatment of wastewaters like hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced waters [3][4][5][6][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Influence of salts, anion polyacrylamide and crude oil on nanofiltration membrane fouling during desalination process of polymer flooding produced water

“…Their results demonstrated that this technology could effectively meet water standards for polymer flooding and ensure stable oil production. Many researchers [18][19][20][21][22] purified produced water with various NF and RO membranes aiming for water reuse, confirming the feasibility of this technical process. Based on the facts above, it is highly expected to adopt NF to realize PFPW reuse for polymer flooding extraction.…”