Comparative study of plantar footprints in youth with Down syndrome

Gutiérrez-Vilahú, Lourdes; Massó-Ortigosa, Núria; Rey-Abella, Ferran; Costa-Tutusaus, Lluís; Guerra-Balic, Myriam

doi:10.1016/j.sdeng.2015.05.003

Cited by 6 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Footwear that is either therapeutic and custom-made or off-the-shelf is recommended for people with disorders, such as flat feet. Such footwear can reduce foot pain, improve foot health, and increase general mobility [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Shoe Fitting and Foot Health of Persons with Down Syndrome: A Case Control Study

Calvo‐Lobo

García

Iglesias

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Background: Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality and a cause of intellectual disability. It is also associated with orthopaedic and musculoskeletal problems of the locomotive apparatus, especially of the feet. These problems are believed to have a harmful effect on health, social functioning, and mobility. In addition, these persons generally don’t have access to podiatric health services, even when their foot problems are well known, because of limited access to healthcare facilities. The goal of our research was to evaluate and compare the foot health status of study participants with and without Down syndrome and to determine whether inadequate footwear is being used with normalized reference values. Methods: A total of 105 participants with and without Down syndrome, with a mean age of 35.71 (SD = 12.93) years, were enrolled in the study. They self-reported demographic data and their clinical characteristic data were recorded. Measurements of their foot and shoe fitting were taken at all stages of the research process. Ninety-two percent of the participants with Down syndrome had foot problems. Results: Only 12 (24%) participants with Down syndrome used bilateral shoes that met the requirements of their feet compared to their controls (50 participants, 90.9% for the right foot; 46 participants, 83.6% for the left foot). Participants with Down syndrome presented statistically significant differences with respect to controls and wore incorrectly sized shoe. Conclusions: Evaluation of foot length and width may prevent development of foot deformities, as well as to improve general health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Shoe Fitting and Foot Health of Persons with Down Syndrome: A Case Control Study

Calvo‐Lobo

García

Iglesias

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…All studies assessed and typologically classified the footprints of participants, but the objectives of the studies were diverse. Five studies aimed to investigate the prevalence of foot deformities from footprint measurements in individuals with DS [ 5 , 7 , 12 , 13 , 16 ]. Two studies conducted by Galli et al [ 10 , 11 ] focused on the relationship between flat feet and the presence of gait alterations in children with DS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… C, 9.2 (5.7) DS, 9.6 (1.7) C: children without DS DS: children with DS To determine if DS children with the flat foot are characterized by an accentuated external foot rotation during walking Pressure-sensitive mat (2016 sensing elements in a 42 × 48 matrix) Matlab® software Arch Index Static (barefoot, standing on the mat for 5s) Flat foot Galli et∼al., 2016 [ 12 ] HC, 19 HT, 13 HA, 14 DS, 13 N.S. HC, 10.10 (1.93) HT, 13.96 (1.14) HA, 37.30 (7.42) DSC, 10.42 (2.46) DST, 17.20 (1.62) DSA: 27.90 (3.69) HC, HT, HA: subjects without DS DS: subjects with DS (time range of 17 yr) To quantify foot abnormalities in individuals with DS while standing, in terms of foot-ground interaction parameters from childhood to adulthood Pressure-sensitive mat (2016 sensing elements in a 42 × 48 matrix) Matlab® software Arch Index Static (barefoot, standing on the mat for 5s) Flat foot, contact pressure Gutiérrez-Vilahú et∼al., 2015 [ 13 ] C, 21 DS, 22 C, 10/11 DS, 11/11 C: M 20.45 (2.16); F 20 (1.70) DS: M 23.82 (3.12); F 24.82 (6.81) C: subjects without DS DS: subjects with DS To analyze, measure, and classify footprints on the basis of gold standard podiatric indices in young people with DS Optical podoscope (chromed, direct 220 V light, 60 × 45 × 33) Digital camera Hernández-Corvo Index Chippaux-Smirak Index Staheli Index Clarke Angle Static (barefoot, standing, and lower limbs in parallel) Flat foot, pronated foot, cavus foot Gutiérrez-Vilahú et∼al., 2016 [ 6 ] 22 11/11 M 23.82 (3.12); F 24.82 (6.81) Special school students with DS To assess the reliability and validity of a footprint assessment technique in the population with DS Optical podoscope (chromed, direct 220 V light, 60 × 45 × 33) Digital camera Photoshop CS5 software Hernández-Corvo Index Chippaux-Smirak Index Staheli Index Clarke Angle Static (barefoot, standing, and lower limbs in parallel) N.S. Hassan et∼al., 2020 [ 14 ] 30 18/12 10.6 (3.9) Children and adolescents with DS ...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The samples of all included studies were based on subjects with DS, and seven studies [ 5 , 7 , 10 – 13 , 16 ] also included a control group consisting of individuals without DS. Regarding the age of participants, the studies included children [ 7 , 10 , 11 , 16 ], children and adolescents [ 5 , 14 , 15 , 17 ], or young adults [ 6 , 12 , 13 ]. Participants were recruited from a rehabilitation center [ 10 – 12 , 16 ], a special school [ 6 , 13 ], or a community-based organization for individuals with DS [ 14 , 15 , 17 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Footprint measurement methods for the assessment and classification of foot types in subjects with Down syndrome: a systematic review

Gutiérrez-Vilahú

Guerra-Balic

2021

J Orthop Surg Res

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Background Musculoskeletal disorders, especially in the feet, are common in people with Down syndrome (DS). Evaluation of podiatric footprints is important to prevent and manage orthopedic symptoms. The reliability of a wide variety of footprint measurement methods has been evaluated in healthy people, but few studies have considered the specific morphotype features of the feet in subjects with DS. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the podometric measurement tools used to typologically classify the footprints in the population with DS. Methods The following electronic databases were searched for studies describing footprint measurement tools to assess and classify the foot types in patients with DS published from inception to December 2020: PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Scopus. Articles were initially searched by screening titles and abstracts. Potentially relevant studies were then further screened by reviewing full texts. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the review. Results Of the 122 articles identified by the search strategy, 14 full texts were retained to assess for eligibility, of which 11 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. All the studies used footprint measurement methods to classify the foot types in subjects with DS, but only two studies assessed the reliability of those methods for the population with DS. The footprint measurement tools identified were a podoscope, a pressure-sensitive mat, a PressureStatTM carbon paper, and a 3D scanner. The Arch Index was the most common footprint measurement analyzed (seven studies). Two studies used the “gold standard” indexes that include Hernández-Corvo Index, Chippaux-Smirak Index, Staheli Index, and Clarke Angle to measure footprints. Conclusions There is a need to determine the reliability and validity of the footprint measurement methods used for clinical classification of the foot types in subjects with DS. This can contribute to an early diagnosis of foot abnormalities that would help to reduce mobility impairments, improving the quality of life of patients with DS.

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Long-term Impact of Planovalgus Foot on Activities of Daily Living in Patients With Down Syndrome

Galán-Olleros

Ramírez-Barragán

Rodríguez-Zamorano

et al. 2023

Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics

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Introduction: Planovalgus foot (PVF) is the most common orthopaedic abnormality in children with Down syndrome (DS), and as a result these patients rarely develop an adequate plantar arch in adulthood. The present study aims to evaluate the impact of PVF on activities of daily living and participation in sports among young adults with DS and determine whether this impact is related to the degree of foot deformity based on clinical and imaging studies. Methods: Observational analytical study examining a database of 649 patients with DS from a pediatric referral center, identifying those individuals over age 20 years at the time of the study with a childhood diagnosis of PVF. Finally, 51 patients (102 feet) were evaluated based on clinical and imaging studies, and function was assessed using the The Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scale. A correlation analysis was performed to determine the clinical and radiographic variables associated with functional outcomes. Linear regression models were obtained to quantify the impact of these variables on function. Results: Patients had a mean age of 26.14±3.88 years and body mass index of 24.51±4.57. Clinically, 63.65% presented grade 3 or 4 PVF, and most were flexible. Radiographically, midfoot flattening was mild-moderate in 92.16%, 58.82% had medial talo-navicular uncoverage, and 30.39% had an increased hallux valgus (HV) angle. Mean scores for all FAOS subscales were between 65 and 71% and the mean VAS score was 1.45±1.96. An association analysis revealed a tendency toward lower scores on all FAOS subscales and greater pain according to the VAS scale in more severe PVF and in cases of moderate HV with asymmetry between feet. Linear regression models showed that major contributors to functional scores were radiographic evidence of hindfoot valgus, midfoot abduction, and flattening, and HV. Conclusions: Young adults with DS who are diagnosed with PVF in childhood have acceptable functional scores and low pain. Alteration of radiographic parameters toward flatter, more valgus and abducted feet and greater and asymmetric HV tend to be associated with worse long-term functional scores in activities of daily living and sports participation and increased pain. Therefore, non-operative management of these patients is justified, although individualized treatment is recommended. Level of Evidence: Level IV, Case series.

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Comparative study of plantar footprints in youth with Down syndrome

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

The Relationship between Shoe Fitting and Foot Health of Persons with Down Syndrome: A Case Control Study

The Relationship between Shoe Fitting and Foot Health of Persons with Down Syndrome: A Case Control Study

Footprint measurement methods for the assessment and classification of foot types in subjects with Down syndrome: a systematic review

Long-term Impact of Planovalgus Foot on Activities of Daily Living in Patients With Down Syndrome

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