2020
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110913
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Comparative study of radioactivity levels and radionuclide fingerprints in typical marine ecosystems of coral reefs, mangroves, and hydrothermal vents

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Cited by 10 publications
(2 citation statements)
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“…The instrument aims to cover a significant gap in detecting and monitoring marine radioactivity which, although relevant in different scientific fields and civil protection activities, is vastly under-studied. The introduction of an underwater gamma imager can advance the study of gamma radiation emissions in various marine geology [3,4] and marine biology contexts [5,6] as well as emissions resulting from human activities such as leakage detection from drilling activities and/or nuclear power plants, nuclear waste management, to name a few.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The instrument aims to cover a significant gap in detecting and monitoring marine radioactivity which, although relevant in different scientific fields and civil protection activities, is vastly under-studied. The introduction of an underwater gamma imager can advance the study of gamma radiation emissions in various marine geology [3,4] and marine biology contexts [5,6] as well as emissions resulting from human activities such as leakage detection from drilling activities and/or nuclear power plants, nuclear waste management, to name a few.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…退役计划的 3 大关键环节 [7] 。 福岛受损核电站退役过程每天产生上百吨的核废水,截止 2020 年 12 月 17 日已经产生 124 万吨核废水,并就地储存于近千个储水罐中 [8] 。由于不断产生的核废水总量逐渐接近现 有储存能力的上限(137 万吨) ,2021 年 4 月 13 日日本政府宣布决定于 2 年后按照为期 40 年的排放计划将福岛核事故处理后废水(简称福岛核废水)排入太平洋 [9] 。日本政府关于福 岛核废水排海决定也随即引发全球范围内的广泛讨论和担忧。 我国作为环太平洋国家,也是日本邻国。2011 年 3 月福岛核事故产生的放射性核素通 过大气环流和海洋环流进入我国。比如,核事故后我国绝大部分省区的大气中都曾检测出福 岛核事故来源的放射性核素(比如: 131 I、 134 Cs 等) [10] ,我国海域的极少数海水中也曾检测 出福岛核事故来源的放射性核素(比如: 134 Cs) [11] 。假如福岛核废水排海计划实施后,福 岛核废水中放射性核素理论上可以通过海洋环流而进入我国海域。 海洋数值模式对不同排放 情景下福岛核废水中 3 H 的模拟结果已经显示福岛核废水排海会对我国海域产生一定的影响 [12] 。 值得指出的是, 福岛核废水中除了 3 54 Mn、 106 Rh [13][14] ,以及 239 Pu、 240 Pu、 241 Am 等极毒放射性核素, 可以通过生物富集吸收和食物网的传递等复杂的生物地球化学过程对海 洋生态环境和人类健康增加一定辐射风险 [15][16][17] [1] 、大气影响 [2] 、海洋影响 [3,18] 、海洋生物影 响 [15][16] [19] 。由此可见,福岛核废水将会持续产生直至 核燃料彻底移出受损反应堆。目前福岛核电厂区内已经累积超过百万吨核废水 [8] 。根据中长 期退役计划,未来 10 年甚至更长时间日本方面每天仍将产生上百吨核废水,并需要不断利 用 ALPS 去除除了 3 H 和 14 C 以外的其它放射性核素 [7][8] [20] ,还含有 ALPS 无法去除的大量 3 H 和一定量的 14 C [1,14] 核素浓度的本底水平的对比情况 [3,14,21] 。 表 1 ALPS 处理前后福岛核废水中部分放射性核素浓度与法律限值、 饮用水中浓度指导值、 核事故前西太平洋海水中本底浓度 [3,14,21] ,以及核素对应的固液分配常数和浮游植物的生物 富集因子 [22] Table 1. Radionuclide concentrations in the ALPS-treated Fukushima radioactive wastewater in comparison with concentration limits required by Japan law, guidance levels for radionuclides in drinking water provided by the World Health Organization (WHO), and baseline concentrations of radionuclides in surface seawater from the Pacific Ocean before the FNA [3,14,…”
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