Comparative study of selenium and selenium nanoparticles with reference to acute toxicity, biochemical attributes, and histopathological response in fish

Abstract

Recent studies have demonstrated that selenium (Se) and selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) exhibited toxicity at a higher concentration. The lethal concentration of Se and Se-NPs was estimated as 5.29 and 3.97 mg/L at 96 h in Pangasius hypophthalmus. However, the effect of different definite concentration of Se (4.5, 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0 mg/L) and Se-NPs (2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 mg/L) was decided for acute experiment. Selenium and Se-NPs alter the biochemical attributes such as anti-oxidative status [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities], neurotransmitter enzyme, cellular metabolic enzymes, stress marker, and histopathology of P. hypophthalmus in a dose- and time-dependent manner. CAT, SOD, and GST were significantly elevated (p < 0.01) when exposed to Se and Se-NPs, and similarly, a neurotransmitter enzyme (acetylcholine esterase (AChE)) was significantly inhibited in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Further, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and malate hydrogenase were noticeably (p < 0.01) affected by Se and Se-NPs from higher concentration to lower concentration. Stress markers such as cortisol and HSP 70 were drastically enhanced by exposure to Se and Se-NPs. All the cellular metabolic and stress marker parameters were elevated which might be due to hyperaccumulation of Se and Se-NPs in the vital organ and target tissues. The histopathology of liver and gill was also altered such as large vacuole, cloudy swelling, focal necrosis, interstitial edema, necrosis in liver, and thickening of primary lamellae epithelium and curling of secondary lamellae due to Se and Se-NP exposure. The study suggested that essential trace element in both forms (inorganic and nano) at higher concentration in acute exposure of Se and Se-NPs led to pronounced deleterious alteration on histopathology and cellular and metabolic activities of P. hypophthalmus.

Preparation and growth‐promoting effect of selenium nanoparticles capped by polysaccharide‐protein complexes on tilapia

“…The higher additive concentration of nano-selenium (3.97 mg/kg or more than 10 mg/kg) exerted a toxic effect. 52,53 Based on the reported concentrations of nano-selenium displaying promoting or toxic effects, four different additive amounts of PSP-SeNPs were designed to investigate their promoting or possible toxic effects on tilapia. However, in the present study, although the lower concentration of PSP-SeNPs supplement (0.5 mg/kg) exhibited the best growth-promoting effects on tilapia, the higher concentration of PSP-SeNPs (4.5 mg/kg) also showed growth-promoting effects during the whole experiment, indicating a wider range of safe dosage and better biocompatibility of PSP-SeNPs.…”

Characterization of biogenic selenium nanoparticles derived from cell-free extracts of a novel yeast Magnusiomyces ingens

“…Selenium (Se) is a key microelement for creatures, which is closely related to a series of major metabolic pathways such as anti-oxidant systems, thyroid hormone metabolism, growth modulation and immune function (Stranges et al 2006;Kumar et al 2018;Xia et al 2018). It has also been reported that Se deficiency (< 40 μg/day) can lead to many diseases, while excessive intake will cause Se poisoning (> 400 μg/day) (Gore et al 2010;Vogel et al 2018).…”

The Bioreduction of Selenite under Anaerobic and Alkaline Conditions Analogous to Those Expected for a Deep Geological Repository System

“…Li et al [48] described a greater toxicity of SeNPs in comparison with Se IV in the fish Oryzias latipes . Kumar et al [47] reported that the toxicity of SeNPs depends on their concentration, in this case documenting toxic effects on the fish species Pangasius hypophthalmus . Further research is needed to arrive at conclusive evidence for the toxicity level of SeNPs produced by S. bentonitica .…”

“…Thus, the production of Se nanospheres by S. bentonitica would be beneficial within a geodisposal system. Notwithstanding, there are considerable uncertainties about the toxicity of SeNPs compared to their soluble oxidized forms, according to some studies [47,48]. Li et al [48] described a greater toxicity of SeNPs in comparison with Se IV in the fish Oryzias latipes .…”