Comparative Study of Sport Mental Toughness between Soccer Officials

Miçooğullari, Bülent Okan; Gümüşdağ, Hayrettin; Odek, Ugur; Beyaz, Özkan

doi:10.13189/ujer.2017.051113

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, other studies reported a negative correlation between self-efficacy and stress ( González-Oya & Dosil, 2004 ; Soriano Gillué et al, 2018 ), with the least experienced SRs facing the greatest stress in competition. In addition, another study ( Micoogullari et al, 2017 ) showed that SRs from Turkey with more than 15 years of experience had greater stress control than those with less experience. Regarding age and category, González-Oya & Dosil (2004) demonstrated that older SRs (over 40 years old) have greater stress control than younger ones (less than 20 years old).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between age, category and experience with the soccer referee’s self-efficacy

Aguilar

Castillo-Rodríguez

Minguet

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Soccer referees (SRs) encounter stressful situations during competitions and sometimes even outside them, which may affect their decision making. Therefore, it is important that they possess or acquire optimal levels of self-efficacy, since it is related to less stress during competition, also guaranteeing sports performance and prevent sports abandonment. The objectives of this study were to characterize the profile, in terms of self-efficacy, of SRs depending on their category, age, and experience and to determine the relationship of these factors on SR self-efficacy. Two-hundred fifty-six Spanish referees participated in this study and Referee Self-Efficacy Scale was administered and completed. The results indicated that the SRs older than 25 years, of national category, and with experience greater than or equal to 8 years, have higher levels of self-efficacy than those with the least (p < .01). Likewise, moderate positive correlations were also observed between global self-efficacy and the category, age, and experience of the SRs. In conclusion, age, category and experience factors relate the self-efficacy of the SR, which can explain up to 17% of the variance, affecting decision-making and other decisive behaviors in the competition. These findings are of interest to delegations and referee committees seeking to implement psychological intervention programs to prevent burnout and abandonment of sports practice due to the consequences of low self-efficacy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between age, category and experience with the soccer referee’s self-efficacy

Aguilar

Castillo-Rodríguez

Minguet

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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“… 14 , 30 One cannot succeed with raw physical abilities during tough matches, so the officials have to good enough along with psychological skills for maximum performance. 15 , 16 , 27…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 1 , 22 Findings from the Slack et al (2012) study must be compared to findings from other investigations aiming to identify characteristics of mental toughness. 13 , 25 These findings-mental toughness traits-are also seen as essential elements for outstanding soccer officiating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, officials’ psychological performance is also crucial to the development of soccer competition, as without them, it would not be possible to carry out competitions. 4 , 25 Therefore, it is important to continue researching officials’ psychological performance. As most of the studies are being conducted to evaluate the performance of athletes, the present study aim is to seek input in understanding the mental toughness among officials of various age groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mental toughness among national soccer officials: A comparative analysis

Nath¹,

Singh²,

Mishra³

2022

J. Public Health Afr.

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Few studies have looked at the psychological mechanisms that govern soccer officials’ performance to this point. The main goal of the study is to identify age-related changes in mental toughness among officials. Sixty active national officials were chosen at random from the All-India Football Federation’s national officials’ roster (AIFF). Group A is 25-30 years old, with a mean and SD of 27.4±3.39 (lower age group); Group B is 31-35 years old, with a mean and SD of 31.8±1.28 (middle age group); and Group C is 36-40 years old, with a mean and SD of 37.6±1.98 (higher age group). The Psychological Performance Inventory (PPI), developed by James E. Loehr in 1982, was chosen as the research’s test item. This instrument evaluates seven aspects of mental toughness, including selfconfidence, negative energy control, attention control, visualisation and imagery control, motivation, positive energy control, and attitude control. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with a significance threshold of 0.05, was used as the statistical approach to assess the study’s hypothesis. The finding of the research paper shows no significant difference among various groups.

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“…Este hecho también lo indicó el estudio de González-Oya & Dosil (2004) en AF gallegos, donde se encontró que los colegiados con mayor control del estrés son aquellos de más de 4 años de experiencia y de mayor categoría, mientras que los AF noveles, no experimentados y categoría inferior presentaban menor control del estrés. A similares conclusiones se llegó en un estudio realizado en Turquía, siendo aquellos AF que llevaban más de 15 años de experiencia los que mostraban un mayor control del estrés (Micoogullari et al, 2017). También debemos destacar que los AF de superior categoría tienden a obtener mayores niveles de autoeficacia, lo que provoca que mitiguen o vean reducidos sus niveles de estrés durante los partidos (Guillén, 2003), así como en general un mayor uso de estrategias de entrenamiento mental a niveles de entrenamiento físico similares (Giske et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efecto de la competición sobre la impulsividad del árbitro de fútbol amateur

Aguilar

Alonso‐Arbiol

Onetti-Onetti

et al. 2021

CCD

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The soccer referee (SR) exposes themselves to stressful situations during the competition that may affect decision-making and may be more or less impulsive during the competition. The objectives of this study are to analyze the fluctuation of impulsivity of amateur AF between a basal context and a precompetitive one and, moreover, to compare the impulsivity of AF according to category, age and experience. Participants were 29 Spanish referees of 23.98 ± 2.66 years participated; 73.64 ± 7.15 kg; and 7.8 ± 2.6 seasons of experience on average. participated and data was collected from Impulsivity data were collected using the UPPS-P questionnaire in 57 matches of their corresponding categories and later, between 48 hours and 72 hours later, the questionnaire was carried out again as a basal intake. This study took place during the 2019-2020 season. The results indicated that the referees have higher levels of negative urgency, sensation seeking and total impulsivity in precompetitive states than in basal states (p <.05). Likewise, the SR with a higher category had lower levels of negative and positive urgency (p <.05). As a conclusion, amateur SR has greater impulsivity in pre-competition states and, furthermore, those with a higher category tend to have lower levels of impulsivity.

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Comparative Study of Sport Mental Toughness between Soccer Officials

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Relationship between age, category and experience with the soccer referee’s self-efficacy

Relationship between age, category and experience with the soccer referee’s self-efficacy

Mental toughness among national soccer officials: A comparative analysis

Efecto de la competición sobre la impulsividad del árbitro de fútbol amateur

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