Comparative study of symbols: An introduction.

Lasswell, Harold D.; Lerner, Daniel; Pool, Ithiel de Sola

doi:10.1037/14763-000

Cited by 101 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…The works of such leading scholars as Weaver and Shannon (1949), Wiener (1948Wiener ( , 1950, Lasswell (1939Lasswell ( , 1949Lasswell ( , 1952Lasswell ( , 1958 and Deutsch (1968) 15 remained the most outstanding in this literature for both their theoretical richness and their range of empirical suggestiveness. In general, there seemed to be three kinds of communication theory underpinning international communication research: mathematical, social psychological and linguistic.…”

Section: The Expansion Of Education and Business Interests Across Natmentioning

confidence: 97%

International communication

Mowlana¹

2012

Journal of International Communication

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International communicationThe journey of a caravan HAMID MOWLANAAs I reflect on the International Communication program at American University's School of International Service (SIS), I am reminded of how truly unique this program was at the time of its inception and how distinctive it remains today. Since its inception the program has pioneered professional curricula in international and intercultural communication and remains a leader in the field. The program preceded the great majority of institutions with international communication courses in its creation of a program of study, research and professional training. This, together with the SIS's strong expertise in international development, regional studies, foreign policy, and international law and organisations, explains the role played by the program in the vital growth of this field in American higher education. A brief look at the history of international communication is also useful in understanding the significance of this program in the context of this dynamic field.Immediately following World War II, projects and programs in international communication research abounded at schools such as Harvard, The University of Chicago and Columbia University. One particularly significant research project was administered at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Center for International Studies. In 1952 the question of what stimulates and influences individuals and societies motivated the Ford Foundation to sponsor research projects in international communication. The foundation asked MIT to examine the interchange of words, impressions and ideas that affect the attitudes and behaviour of different peoples towards each other. With the $875,000 set aside by the foundation, this four-year program aimed to increase scientific knowledge in this field while at the same time conducting research in a way that the end product would be useful not only to the scientist but also to government officials in their efforts to preserve peace and promote understanding in light of burgeoning Cold War tensions.The MIT planning committee issued a report establishing the goals and strategies of the program. This document was the first attempt in the United States after World War II to systematise and organise international communication. It established some key guidelines for the study of international communication, impacting on how the field developed. The committee members decided to study the social conditions, attitudes and institutions that influence the production and reception of 'images' among people, specifically stating that the field would be unfruitful if it took the view that communication research should focus on the specialised study of the mass media. They selected certain areas for special emphasis: studies of elite (leadership) communications, studies of mediation or opinion leadership, and studies over moderately long-time spans. In choosing research projects, they desired high levels of

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Section: The Expansion Of Education and Business Interests Across Natmentioning

confidence: 97%

International communication

Mowlana¹

2012

Journal of International Communication

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“…Our selection was based on a concept of "prestige press" (Stovall 1961), which comprises the newspapers considered to be the most "influential" and "substantially significant" of information sources (Lacy et al 1991;Stempel and Windhauser 1984). Overall, we took into account the sampling of prestige press in previous studies, circulation, balance of the political orientations, and focus of the newspapers on serious journalism (Boykoff 2007;Boykoff and Boykoff 2004;Demont-Heinrich 2008;Kraidy and Goeddertz 2003;Lasswell et al 1952;Namenwirth 1969;Russill 2009;Sinclair 1982;Wells and King 1994).…”

Section: Sample Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer-assisted analysis of public discourse: a case study of the precautionary principle in the US and UK press

et al. 2010

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Content analysis of newspaper publications has become a major scientific method of the analysis of public discourse. Within the framework of content analysis, we suggest a computer-assisted method to extract the most important topics of this discourse in an objective, quantifiable manner. The method combines frequency and proximity analysis of the text population, selection of the key words, text modification based on a key word dictionary, factor analysis of the modified text population, and factor interpretation. We illustrate the concept by applying the method to study the major topics discussed in the US and UK prestige press that relate to the precautionary principle. Precautionary principle is a concept of preventing environmental damage under scientific uncertainty. The analysis demonstrates the difference between the major topics of the precautionary principle discussion in the US and UK press. In the US, it revolves around an emphasis on the action on global warming, international trade on genetically modified food, environment pollution, the risks of new technologies, and cost-benefit analysis (CBA). In the UK, the major discussion topics include threats to agriculture and farmers, climate change economics, national and EU regulations, and commercial fishing. Other discussion topics, such as health and pollution, water safety regulations, meat safety and trade, and GMO regulations are shared between the countries. The US sample demonstrates more negative views towards the precautionary principle, which is presented as a threat to the US economic interests.

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“…The perceptions are both conscious and unconscious. 11 Lasswell et al (1952;emphasis original) applied the maximization postulate to generate propositions that refer to myth, but the propositions can be generalized to other changes. ''The probability of the rejection of a political myth is increased if the adherents experience deprivation rather than indulgence; if attention is directed toward a new myth whose adherents are indulged; and if early adherence to the new myth is followed by relative indulgence'' (p. 4).…”

Section: Policy Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%