Comparative study of the effects of cigarette smoke and electronic cigarettes on human gingival fibroblast proliferation, migration and apoptosis

Alanazi, Hanan; Park, Hyun Jin; Chakir, Jamila; Semlali, Abdelhabib; Rouabhia, Mahmoud

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.049

Cited by 59 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…It suggests that e-cigarette vapor may enhance the capacity of C. albicans to evade epithelial cell defenses by promoting overgrowth and transition (Figure 7). E-cigarettes have already been shown to produce negative effects on different cell types, including gingival fibroblasts [39], epithelial cells [20], endothelial cells [40], and osteoblasts [41]. The present study supports existing data by showing that e-cigarettes affect oral microbial behaviors by stimulating their pathogenesis through overgrowth, transition, and the expression of virulent genes, such as SAPs .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

E-Cigarettes Increase Candida albicans Growth and Modulate its Interaction with Gingival Epithelial Cells

Alanazi

Semlali

Chmielewski

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) vapor comes in contact with the different constituents of the oral cavity, including such microorganisms as Candida albicans. We examined the impact of e-cigarettes on C. albicans growth and expression of different virulent genes, such as secreted aspartic proteases (SAPs), and the effect of e-cigarette vapor-exposed C. albicans on gingival epithelial cell morphology, growth, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. An increase in C. albicans growth was observed with nicotine-rich e-cigarettes compared with non-exposed cultures. Following exposure to e-cigarette vapor, C. albicans produced high levels of chitin. E-cigarettes also increased C. albicans hyphal length and the expression of SAP2, SAP3, and SAP9 genes. When in contact with gingival epithelial cells, e-cigarette-exposed C. albicans adhered better to epithelial cells than the control. Indirect contact between e-cigarette-exposed C. albicans and gingival epithelial cells led to epithelial cell differentiation, reduced cell growth, and increased LDH activity. Overall, results indicate that e-cigarettes may interact with C. albicans to promote their pathogenesis, which may increase the risk of oral candidiasis in e-cigarette users.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

E-Cigarettes Increase Candida albicans Growth and Modulate its Interaction with Gingival Epithelial Cells

Alanazi

Semlali

Chmielewski

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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“…E‐liquid with nicotine concentrations of greater than 1 mg/mL showed pronounced toxicity that was further exacerbated by vaporizing the fluid. Consistent with the study treating human gingival fibroblasts, both CSE and E‐cigarette vapour extract (ECVE) altered morphology, proliferation rate, apoptosis, migration and wound closure . Of note, CSE and ECVE with nicotine exert greater magnitude of damage than those without nicotine.…”

Section: Effects Of E‐cigarettes In Humanssupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Consistent with the study treating human gingival fibroblasts, both CSE and E-cigarette vapour extract (ECVE) altered morphology, proliferation rate, apoptosis, migration and wound closure. 28 Of note, CSE and ECVE with nicotine exert greater magnitude of damage than those without nicotine. It has been reported that CS triggered the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from human gingival fibroblasts.…”

Section: F I G U R E 2 Effects Of Electronic Cigarettes In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological and pathological effects of electronic cigarettes

Chen

Todd

Fairclough

2019

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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Electronic cigarettes (E‐cigarettes) are considered a preferable alternative to conventional cigarettes due to the lack of combustion and the absence of tobacco‐specific toxicants. E‐cigarettes have rapidly gained in popularity in recent years amongst both existing smokers and previous non‐smokers. However, a growing literature demonstrates that E‐cigarettes are not as safe as generally believed. Here, we discuss the immunological, and other, deleterious effects of E‐cigarettes on a variety of cell types and host defence mechanisms in humans and in murine models. We review not only the effects of complete E‐cigarette liquids, but also each of the main components—nicotine, humectants and flavourings. This MiniReview thus highlights the possible role of E‐cigarettes in the pathogenesis of disease and raises awareness of the potential harm that E‐cigarettes may cause.

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“…The cell scratch test showed that repetitive exposures to cigarette or e-cig vapor condensates delayed both fibroblast migration and wound healing. Collectively, results represented that cigarette condensate was much more harmful to gingival fibroblast than e-cig vapor condensate, nicotine-free e-cig vapor being the least harmful [60].…”

Section: In Vitro Studies On Effects Of E-cigs On Oral Cells and Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) and Their Relevance in Oral Health

Farsalinos

Poulas

2019

Toxics

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The number and popularity of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and especially e-cigarettes (e-cigs) have been increasing in the last decade. Although ENDS owe their popularity to excluding the harmful chemicals that are present in tobacco smoke, there is a debate whether they are safe, regulated, and as harmless as they are assumed to be and have potential unknown long-term effects. Involvement of cigarette smoking to the progression of periodontal diseases, other adverse oral health outcomes, and its detrimental effects to oral health are well-described. ENDS producer companies claim that these products can improve oral health by providing alternatives to smoking. However, the effect of e-cigs on oral health is not fully understood and is still debated among many scientists and clinicians. The number of studies addressing the potential toxic effect of ENDS or e-cig aerosol on oral cells is limited along with the clinical studies which are still preliminary, and their sample size is limited. The long-term effects of inhaled aerosols and the potential synergistic effect of the e-cigs components are not known. It is essential and of utmost importance to determine whether exposure to ENDS aerosol contributes to the progression of periodontal diseases and how it affects periodontal ligament and gingival cells which are believed to be its first targets. This review briefly summarizes the available evidence about the effects of e-cigs on periodontal health including several pathophysiological events, such as oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, cellular senescence, dysregulated repair, and periodontal diseases.

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Comparative study of the effects of cigarette smoke and electronic cigarettes on human gingival fibroblast proliferation, migration and apoptosis

Cited by 59 publications

References 40 publications

E-Cigarettes Increase Candida albicans Growth and Modulate its Interaction with Gingival Epithelial Cells

E-Cigarettes Increase Candida albicans Growth and Modulate its Interaction with Gingival Epithelial Cells

Immunological and pathological effects of electronic cigarettes

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) and Their Relevance in Oral Health

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