Comparative Study of the Genetic Diversity of Local Steppe Cattle Breeds from Russia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan by Microsatellite Analysis of Museum and Modern Samples

Abstract

The comparative molecular genetic study of museum and modern representatives of cattle breeds can help to elucidate the origin and maintenance of historical genetic components in modern populations. We generated the consensus genotypes for 11 microsatellite loci for 24 museum samples of Kalmyk, Kyrgyz, and Kazakh cattle, dated from the first quarter of the 20th century, and compared them with those of modern Kalmyk, Kyrgyz, and Kazakh white-headed breeds. The level of genetic diversity of the modern Kalmyk and Kyrgyz cattle (uHe = 0.771–0.778) was similar to those observed in the museum samples (uHe = 0.772–0.776), while a visible decrease in genetic variability in the modern Kazakh white-headed breed compared to museum Kazakh cattle was detected (uHe = 0.726 and 0.767, respectively). The PCA plot, FST- and Jost’s D-based networks, and STRUCTURE clustering provided strong evidence of the maintenance of the historical genetic background in modern populations of Kalmyk and Kyrgyz cattle. In spite of the allele pool of Kazakh white-headed cattle having undergone great changes compared to the museum Kazakh cattle, several animals still carry the visible aspect of the historical genetic components. Our results can be used for the selection of individuals for the creation of gene banks and may significantly improve the efficiency of conservation programs aimed at preserving genetic diversity in the national genetic resources of cattle.

Investigation of the Genetic Diversity of Dagestan Mountain Cattle Using STR-Markers

“…Most local Russian cattle breeds have been investigated using STR [36,37] and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers [38][39][40][41]. However, little is known about the genetic diversity and population structure of DM cattle inhabiting the high-altitude warmer area of the Republic of Dagestan in southern Russia.…”

The Level of Breeding Value of Cattle of the Auliekol Breed, Calculated by the Blup Method

“…The biometric model of the animal considered additive genetic effects due to parental qualities in generations taken up to three ancestors, the sex of the animal, the effects of the herd, and the effects of the year and season of birth (Abdelmanova et al, 2021;Nikonova et al, 2021).…”

Whole Genome Study of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms’ Associations With Withers Height in Local and Transboundary Breeds in Russia

“…Опубликовано значительное число работ, в которых исследовалась связь гена PLAG1 с легкостью отела (33), размерами тела (25), живой массой в раннем возрасте (14), характеристиками туши (34), массой при рождении (35) и другими признаками КРС (36). Российские локальные породы представляют большой интерес в качестве резерва биоразнообразия (37,38), однако остаются неизученными в отношении гена PLAG1 несмотря на проведенные ранее полногеномные исследования (39,40).…”