Comparative study of three herbal formulations against dengue vectors Aedes aegypti

Prevalence of dengue fever in Saudi Arabia: Jeddah as a case study

“…Most of these cases occurred between April and May 2010, with 208 confirmed cases recorded (Gamil et al 2014). This outbreak coincided with the spread of dengue fever in other regions, such as Jeddah and some adjacent countries, most likely due to the rains during that period, representing favorable conditions for the breeding and spread of mosquitoes (Aljameeli 2023;Alyahya 2023). Most dengue cases occurred among adults (15-44 years old).…”

“…There have been approximately 3600 species identified, distributed across 37 genera (Harbach & Kitching 2016). Aedes aegypti is one of those species that has intrigued researchers due to a crucial role as the primary vector for numerous epidemic viral diseases such as DF, yellow fever, Zika, and chikungunya, especially in tropical and subtropical regions (Sabesan et al 2010;Alyaha et al 2018;Alyahya et al 2021;Aljameeli 2023;Alyahya 2023). The transmission of these mosquito-borne diseases occurs due to the blood-feeding behavior of female mosquitoes.…”

“…The female mosquito has piercing mouthparts (proboscis) that can pierce the skin and suck blood. Females need nutrients in the blood, such as protein, to produce eggs (Alyahya 2023). The eggs are laid in an optimal environment singly (about 100 eggs at a time), such as tree holes and bromeliad plants; nevertheless, mosquitoes have adapted to urban and semi-urban habitats and can now breed in artificial containers, such as buckets, discarded plastic containers, used tires, water collection tanks, gutters, water sinks, barrels, vases, buildings under construction, and rainwater puddles above the waterline (Trpis et al 1973;Dieng et al 2012).…”

“…Dengue fever is a viral disease prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, where climatic conditions favor its reproduction and spread (Julio et al 2009;Alyahya 2023). This viral epidemic, dengue fever, is transmitted by arthropods such as the Ae.…”

Resistance development to bioinsecticides in Aedes aegypti (Culicidae: Diptera), the vector of dengue fever in Saudi Arabia

“…A colony of Ae. aegypti was established from eggs obtained from the Public Health Pest Laboratory in Jeddah, which is the most reliable source in Saudi Arabia ( Aljameeli, 2023 , Alyahya, 2023 ). The original strain was collected from wild mosquito larvae spread in stagnant ponds in Jeddah city and maintained in the laboratory under favorable conditions (27 ± 1 °C and 70 ± 5% R. H) for more than 231 generations (generation > F231) away from any insecticides and maintained under a 14:10 (light: dark) cycle.…”