Comparative Study of Vapor- and Solution-Crystallized Perovskite for Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells

Du, Tao; Wang, Ning; Chen, Haijun; Lin, Hong; He, Honghui

doi:10.1021/am508495r

Cited by 58 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…[ 1,24 ] Nonetheless, these parameters are also expected to depend on the infl uence of crystallization condition on perovskite morphology in fabricated fi lms. [ 25 ] A distinct benefi t of organic-inorganic perovskite materials (e.g., over silicon) is that their bandgap can be tuned relatively easily with chemical composition, allowing attractive coloration and multijunction or tandem cell designs. For example, changing the metal cation at the M site from Pb 2+ to the less toxic Sn 2+ to form CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 shifts the optical bandgap from 1.55 to 1.3 eV into the range of the "ideal" single-junction solar cell bandgap between 1.1 and 1.4 eV.…”

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confidence: 99%

Charge‐Carrier Dynamics and Mobilities in Formamidinium Lead Mixed‐Halide Perovskites

et al. 2015

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by at least four orders of magnitude. [ 17,18 ] MAPbI 3 also appears to exhibit only shallow trap-levels and although the grain boundaries have recently been shown to induce nonradiative decay, [ 19 ] regions only a few tens of nm away from the grain boundaries appear to be unaffected. [ 20,21 ] Furthermore, low Urbach energies, which are extracted from near band edge optical absorption measurements and serve as a benchmark for crystalline phase disorder, indicate low disorder and sharp band edges for lead tri-halide perovskites (15-23 meV). [ 22,23 ] All of these properties contribute to high open-circuit voltages, long charge-carrier lifetimes, and micrometer diffusion lengths, which are crucial for planar-hetero junction photovoltaics. [ 1,24 ] Nonetheless, these parameters are also expected to depend on the infl uence of crystallization condition on perovskite morphology in fabricated fi lms. [ 25 ] A distinct benefi t of organic-inorganic perovskite materials (e.g., over silicon) is that their bandgap can be tuned relatively easily with chemical composition, allowing attractive coloration and multijunction or tandem cell designs. For example, changing the metal cation at the M site from Pb 2+ to the less toxic Sn 2+ to form CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 shifts the optical bandgap from 1.55 to 1.3 eV into the range of the "ideal" single-junction solar cell bandgap between 1.1 and 1.4 eV. [ 26,27 ] However, stability issues arising from the oxidation of tin have so far prevented widespread use. Alternatively, tuning the size of the A site cation has been proven to change optical and electronic properties of the perovskite and to signifi cantly infl uence solar cell performance. [ 28 ] Replacing MA in MAPbI 3 by the larger cation formamidinium HC(NH 2 ) 2 + (FA) was found to decrease the bandgap from 1.57 to 1.48 eV, [29][30][31] yield long photoluminescence (PL) lifetimes, high PCEs, [ 28 ] and lower recombination and device hysteresis. [ 32 ] Highest PCEs of 20.1% have been reported [12][13][14] to date for solar cells based on FAPbI 3 making this an attractive system to explore. In addition, the gradual replacement of the MA cation by FA through the fi lm was shown to create a mixed cation-lead-iodide PSC allowing for energetic gradients. [ 33 ] However, mixing of the halide component in the perovskite offers the fi nest tuning of the optical properties of the perovskite fi lm. Here, the mixed organic lead iodide/bromide system has recently gained strong interest for application in PSCs. [ 11,28 ] By changing the ratio between bromide and iodide (at the X site anion), the bandgap can be tailored between 1.55 eV (MAPbI 3 ) and 2.3 eV (MAPbBr 3 ), which results in the coverage of much of the visible spectrum and paves the way for the development of tandem solar cells. [ 11 ] In addition to MAPb(Br y I 1-y ) 3 , its formamidinium relative FAPb(Br y I 1-y ) 3 has been explored. [ 28 ] Most fractional mixtures of FAPb(Br y I 1-y ) 3 were found to be crystalline, with the exception of the region between y = 0.3 and Recent year...

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confidence: 99%

Charge‐Carrier Dynamics and Mobilities in Formamidinium Lead Mixed‐Halide Perovskites

et al. 2015

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“…Electron life time (τ e ) can be obtained from the characteristic angle midfrequency (ω min ) of the peak and was calculated as τ e = 1/(2πω min ) . The solar cell with TiO 2 /ZnO/TiO 2 compact layer has a higher electron lifetime, which was in agreement of their higher recombination resistance compared with the other three devices.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

TiO₂/ZnO/TiO₂sandwich multi-layer films as a hole-blocking layer for efficient perovskite solar cells

Duan

Zhang

et al. 2016

Int. J. Energy Res.

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SUMMARYA continuous and compact hole-blocking layer is crucial to prevent photocurrent recombination at the photoanode/electrode interface of high-performance mesostructure perovskite-based solar cells. Novel TiO 2 /ZnO/TiO 2 sandwich multi-layer compact film prepared as hole-blocking layer for perovskite solar cell. Herein, TiO 2 , ZnO, and TiO 2 layers were successfully deposited by spin-coating onto FTO glass substrate in sequence. The fill factor and power conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell are remarkably improved by the employment of a TiO 2 /ZnO/TiO 2 sandwich compact layer. Perovskite solar cell based on TiO 2 /ZnO/TiO 2 sandwich film has been observed to exhibit maximum incident-photon-to-current conversion efficiency in the visible region (400-780 nm) and reach a power conversion efficiency of 12.8% under AM1.5G illumination.

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“…This indicates that the cathode with small work function has a superior capability in suppressing the reverse transfer of charge carriers . The lower leakage current is beneficial for increasing V oc , as indicated by the well‐known equation:

{normalV}_{OC} = \frac{n K T}{q} \ln (\frac{I_{L}}{I_{0}} + 1)

where n is the ideality factor, k is Boltzmann constant, T is temperature at the test condition, q is electronic charge, I L is the light generated current, and I 0 is the dark saturation (leakage) current. Generally, V oc is governed by the band gap value of the perovskite materials.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Influence of Work Functions of Cathodes on Efficiencies of Perovskite Solar Cells

Yue

Ren

et al. 2017

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Though various efforts on modification of electrodes are still undertaken to improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells, attributing to the large scope of these methods, it is of significance to unveil the working principle systematically. Herein, inverted perovskite solar cells based on indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/CH NH PbI /phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC BM)/buffer metal/Al are constructed. Through the choice of different buffer metals to tune work function of the cathode, the contact nature of the active layer with the cathode could be manipulated well. In comparison with the device using Au/Al as the electrode that shows an unfavorable band bending for conducting the excited electrons to the cathode, the one with Ca/Al presents a dramatically improved efficiency over 17.1%, ascribed to the favorable band bending at the interface of the cathode with the active layer. Details for tuning the band bending and the corresponding charge transfer mechanism are given in a systematic manner. Thus, a general guideline for constructing perovskite photovoltaic devices efficiently is provided.

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Comparative Study of Vapor- and Solution-Crystallized Perovskite for Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells

Cited by 58 publications

References 43 publications

Charge‐Carrier Dynamics and Mobilities in Formamidinium Lead Mixed‐Halide Perovskites

Charge‐Carrier Dynamics and Mobilities in Formamidinium Lead Mixed‐Halide Perovskites

TiO₂/ZnO/TiO₂sandwich multi-layer films as a hole-blocking layer for efficient perovskite solar cells

Insights into the Influence of Work Functions of Cathodes on Efficiencies of Perovskite Solar Cells

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Comparative Study of Vapor- and Solution-Crystallized Perovskite for Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells

Cited by 58 publications

References 43 publications

Charge‐Carrier Dynamics and Mobilities in Formamidinium Lead Mixed‐Halide Perovskites

Charge‐Carrier Dynamics and Mobilities in Formamidinium Lead Mixed‐Halide Perovskites

TiO2/ZnO/TiO2sandwich multi-layer films as a hole-blocking layer for efficient perovskite solar cells

Insights into the Influence of Work Functions of Cathodes on Efficiencies of Perovskite Solar Cells

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TiO₂/ZnO/TiO₂sandwich multi-layer films as a hole-blocking layer for efficient perovskite solar cells