Comparative study on immunomodulatory and growth enhancing effects of three prebiotics (galactooligosaccharide, fructooligosaccharide and inulin) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of different prebiotics, including galactooligosaccharide (GOS), fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and inulin (INL), on skin mucosal immune parameters, humoral immune responses as well as performance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Two hundred and forty specimens (13.85 ± 0.85 g) were stocked in 12 fibreglass tanks assigned into three treatments and a control group. The experimental diets were formulated to have equal level (2%) of the prebiotics. At the end of the feeding trial, the highest skin mucus lysozyme activities and total immunoglobulin (total Ig) were observed in GOS‐fed group (P < 0.05). However, skin mucus protease activity showed no significant difference among different dietary groups (P < 0.05). Blood respiratory burst activity was significantly increased in all prebiotic‐fed fish compared to the control group (P < 0.05); the highest activity was observed in GOS treatment. Furthermore, evaluation of humoral immune response revealed that feeding with GOS‐supplemented diet significantly increased lysozyme and alternative complement (ACH50) activity as well as total Ig compared to the control and other prebiotic groups. While no significant difference was observed between FOS and INL groups, common carps fed GOS‐supplemented displayed improved (P < 0.05) growth performance, including final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), compared to the control treatment. These results revealed that different prebiotics modulate carp growth and immune response in different manner, and GOS seems to be the most suitable prebiotic.

Effects of synbiotic containing Lactobacillus plantarum 7-40 and galactooligosaccharide on the growth performance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

“…plantarum 7–40 in the diet did not promote L. vannamei growth (Chiu et al., ). It may be suggested that GOS was used as substrate and then modulated the intestinal microbiota towards beneficial bacteria and subsequently increased production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), digestive enzyme activity and improved gut health and nutrient absorptive ability in shrimp (Hoseinifar, Zoheiri, Dadar, Rufchaei, & Ringø, ; Hoseinifar, Ahmadi, Raeisi et al., ; Huynh et al., ). In addition, the increased growth performance of shrimp fed SYN diet was involved with increased feed intake, which was in agreement with the observations of tilapia (Hassaan, Soltan, & Ghonemy, ).…”

“…Herein, we hypothesized that screening of prebiotics should be considered before developing a synbiotic to induce higher effects on the growth of L. vannamei . Hence, three prebiotics, which are commonly used in aquaculture, including MOS (Zhang et al., ), FOS (Hoseinifar, Eshaghzadeh, Vahabzadeh, & Mana, ; Hoseinifar, Ahmadi, Khalili et al., ; Hoseinifar, Ahmadi, Raeisi et al., ; Li et al., ; Soleimani, Hoseinifar, Merrifield, Barati, & Abadi, ; Wu et al., ) and GOS (Hoseinifar, Khalili, Rostami, & Esteban, ; Hoseinifar, Mirvaghefi, Amoozegar, Sharifian, & Esteban, ; Hoseinifar, Zoheiri et al., ; Miandare, Farvardin, Shabani, Hoseinifar, & Ramezanpour, ; Yousefi, Hoseinifar, Paknejad, & Hajimoradloo, ), were screened for utilization by the probiotic Lac. plantarum 7–40 in vitro in this study.…”

The effects of dietary inulin and Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) tuber on the growth performance, haematological, blood chemical and immune parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings

“…Nevertheless, there were no significant increases in survival rate of turbot, beluga, rainbow trout or juvenile Nile tilapia following dietary supplementation with either inulin or FOS (Mahious et al., ; Ortiz et al., ; Reza et al., ; Tiengtam et al., ). Dietary supplementation of inulin or FOS led to increase survival rate of common carp fry (0.55 g body weight), whereas the significant improvement of survival rates was not observed in common carp during later growth phase (13.85 g body weight) (Eshaghzadeh et al., ; Hoseinifar et al., , ). Although supplementation with dietary FOS did not significantly increase the survival rate of Caspian roach, it did significantly enhance their survival rate when the fish were exposed to salinity stress (Soleimani et al., ).…”

“…In beluga, dietary inulin had negative effects on growth response and resulted in a decrease in total protein in blood (Reza et al., ). In common carp, while dietary GOS and inulin led to increase plasma protein, dietary FOS did not significantly alter plasma protein (Hoseinifar et al., ), demonstration that different prebiotic type would affect different prebiotic metabolism. In rat, while dietary JA led to decrease blood glucose, it did not alter blood cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein and albumin (Samal et al., ).…”

“…In addition, microbial manipulation within gastrointestinal tract directly mediates immunity development of the intestinal mucosa and gut‐associated lymphoid tissues (Dimitroglou et al., ; Reyes‐Becerril et al., ; Song et al., ). Most commercially available inulin for use in animal feed is obtained from chicory and has been demonstrated to improve growth performance, haematological and immune parameters in fish as well as to modulate intestinal microbiota (Carbone & Faggio, ; Dawood & Koshio, ; Eshaghzadeh, Hoseinifar, Vahabzadeh & Ringø, ; Hoseinifar et al., ; Ibrahem, Fathi, Mesalhy & Abd, ; Mourino et al., ; Ortiz et al., ).…”