Comparative study on isothermal kinetics of fullerol formation under conventional and microwave heating

Adnađević, Borivoj; Gigov, Mihajlo; Sindjic, Milena; Jovanović, Jelena

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2007.12.011

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This line appears broadened with a FWHM of 1,040 meV. As discussed below, we attribute this to a possible splitting of the Cls levels as well as to transitions into different π* orbitals caused by the influence of the OH-groups onto the π system [21]. Furthermore, we assign the small shoulder at 286.3 eV to the C1s(C-OH)→π*C=C transition of the C-OH bond [22].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…An experimental confirmation of this number is difficult: in infrared spectroscopy, the OH-bands are not quantitative due to depolarization effects, and in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the proton resonances are very broad and not suited for quantitative analyses. Goswami et al [26] proposed a thermo-gravimetric method, which was successfully applied in [27]. In our approach, we start with the quantitative analysis of the C1s core level and its chemically shifted contributions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vanishing of the double peak in the region between 285.5 and 286.3 eV also corresponds to this change. Nevertheless, the transition into the lowest unoccupied π* absorption feature, which is modified by the OH-groups (see above [21]), is monitored. This observation underlies that double bonds still exist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, the data at both energies are very similar and close to the expected value. According to the used preparation procedure [14] of our fullerenol powder, which is a modified method of that reported by Adnadević et al [27], the number of hydroxyl groups per fullerene molecule is about 24. Hence, our data are in good agreement and confirm that particular preparation routine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fullerenol as Probed by Synchrotron X-ray Photoemission and Absorption Spectroscopy

et al. 2011

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We have studied thin films of C 60 , [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, and fullerenol by Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy at the C1s edge. The advantage of this technique is the sensitivity to unoccupied π states within the sp 2 chemical bond structure. In particular, we focus on the relative intensity of the C1s→π*(p-p) transitions. Upon adding functional groups to the C 60 molecular frame, the intensity of these bands is reduced or almost vanished accompanied by increasing C1s→π*(s-p) transitions. This finding is confirmed by Xray photoemission data in the valence band region where the peaks according to the occupied π states disappeared particularly in the fullerenol films. These data in combination with the quantitative analysis of the C1s core level data suggest that C=C double bonds are broken when binding two OH-groups correlated to a change of the carbon bonding state from sp 2 to sp 3 .

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fullerenol as Probed by Synchrotron X-ray Photoemission and Absorption Spectroscopy

et al. 2011

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“…[17,19,25]. However, using a thermocouple while using MWH is dangerous and inaccurate, as the metallic probe can interact with the EMW.…”

Section: Impact Of Mwh On Chemical Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

A modified microwave thermo-gravimetric-analyzer for kinetic purposes

Farag

Chaouki

2015

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Free radical polymerization of butyl acrylate in monodispersed droplets: Comparison between two heating strategies

Liu¹,

Lü²,

Bodong³

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Monodispersed droplets could be easily generated in coaxial microdevice, and a reaction based upon these discrete droplets is an attractive approach thanks to isolated reaction units, efficient mixing, and precise residence time control. In this work, free radical polymerization of butyl acrylate was conducted in monodispersed droplets of several hundred microns. Two different heating methodologies, microwave heating and conventional heating with oil bath were adopted to initiate polymerization, respectively. The polymerization under conventional heating could be regarded as an isothermal process, while the polymerization under microwave heating gradually underwent a temperature increase. So the poly (butyl acrylate) obtained by microwave heating has larger average molecular weight and higher polydispersity index. Meanwhile, the conversion of butyl acrylate was significantly improved by microwave heating compared with conventional heating, even though the reaction temperature under microwave heating might be lower than the temperature of the oil bath. This remarkable enhancement was a direct proof of the nonthermal effect of the microwave field for free radical polymerization.

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Comparative study on isothermal kinetics of fullerol formation under conventional and microwave heating

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

Fullerenol as Probed by Synchrotron X-ray Photoemission and Absorption Spectroscopy

Fullerenol as Probed by Synchrotron X-ray Photoemission and Absorption Spectroscopy

A modified microwave thermo-gravimetric-analyzer for kinetic purposes

Free radical polymerization of butyl acrylate in monodispersed droplets: Comparison between two heating strategies

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