Comparative Study on Plant Latex Particles and Latex Coagulation in Ficus benjamina, Campanula glomerata and Three Euphorbia species

Bauer, Georg; Gorb, Stanislav N.; Klein, Marie-Christin G.; Nellesen, Anke; Tapavicza, Max von; Speck, Thomas

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113336

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The enzyme responsible, rubber transferase, likely corresponds to one or more cis -prenyltransferases localized to the ER and/or to the phospholipid monolayer of the rubber particle [42, 48]. The polyisoprene latex cargo of rubber particle LDs plays important roles in the protection and defense of plants against wounding, insect herbivory, and environmental stresses [49]. …”

Section: 11 What's Inside a Lipid Droplet?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid droplet functions beyond energy storage

Welte

Gould

2017

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biolog

458

358

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Lipid droplets are cytoplasmic organelles that store neutral lipids and are critically important for energy metabolism. Their function in energy storage is firmly established and increasingly well characterized. However, emerging evidence indicates that lipid droplets also play important and diverse roles in the cellular handling of lipids and proteins that may not be directly related to energy homeostasis. Lipid handling roles of droplets include the storage of hydrophobic vitamin and signaling precursors, and the management of endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress. Roles of lipid droplets in protein handling encompass functions in the maturation, storage, and turnover of cellular and viral polypeptides. Other potential roles of lipid droplets may be connected with their intracellular motility and, in some cases, their nuclear localization. This diversity highlights that lipid droplets are very adaptable organelles, performing different functions in different biological contexts.

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Section: 11 What's Inside a Lipid Droplet?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid droplet functions beyond energy storage

Welte

Gould

2017

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biolog

458

358

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“…Eleven leaf traits were measured, including specific leaf area (SLA, cm 2 /g dry mass), leaf water content (%), total C content (g/kg), N content (g/kg), pH, toughness (g), leaf tannin content per mass (%), latex volume per area (μl/cm 2 ), latex water content (%), latex tannin content (g/L), and latex alkaloid content (g/L) (Table S2). Leaf traits were selected based on the following considerations: leaf N content has relevant functional traits in leaf economics (Wright et al, 2004); plant investment in latex can assist with sealing wounds, deterring herbivory (Bauer et al, 2014), and possibly storing nutrients and water (Hunter, 1994); secondary metabolites inhibiting growth of fungi have been isolated from the latex (Upadhyay, 2011); leaf pH shows significant interspecific variation (Cornelissen, Sibma, Van Logtestijn, Broekman, & Thompson, 2011); and the proliferation of single fungal species and communities was influenced by pH (Mehra & Jaitly, 1995;Rousk, Brookes, & Bååth, 2009). Other leaf traits are frequently measured in ecological research but their potential role in influencing FEF assemblages has not been studied.…”

Section: Measurement Of Leaf Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host identity and phylogeny shape the foliar endophytic fungal assemblages of Ficus

Liu

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Foliar endophytic fungi (FEF) are diverse and ubiquitously associated with photosynthetic land plants. However, processes shaping FEF assemblages remain poorly understood. Previous studies have indicated that host identity and host habitat are contributing factors, but these factors are often difficult to disentangle. In this study, we studied FEF assemblages from plants grown in a botanical garden, enabling us to minimize the variation in abiotic environmental conditions and fungal dispersal capacity. FEF assemblages from 46 Ficus species were sequenced using next‐generation methods, and the results indicated that closely related host species had clearly differentiated FEF assemblages. Furthermore, host phylogenetic proximity was significantly correlated with the similarity of their FEF assemblages. In the canonical correspondence analysis, eleven leaf traits explained 32.9% of the total variation in FEF assemblages, whereas six traits (specific leaf area, leaf N content, leaf pH, toughness, latex alkaloid content, and latex volume per leaf area) were significant in the first two dimensions of ordination space. In the multiple regression on distance matrix analysis, 21.0% of the total variance in FEF assemblage was explained by both host phylogeny and leaf traits while phylogeny alone explained 7.9% of the variance. Thus, our findings suggest that both evolutionary and ecological processes are involved in shaping FEF assemblages.

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“…These findings show that the coagulation chemical processes are species dependent. However, it is important to bear in mind that coagulation processes do not involve only chemical changes but can also involve physical factors [118]. Physical differences such as rubber particle size, temperature, and water evaporation can also have a significant influence on the coagulation process.…”

Section: Chemical Coagulation: a Physiological Role Of Latex In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Latex, from Ecological Interests to Bioactive Chemical Resources

2019

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Historically, latex-bearing plants have been regarded as important medicinal resources in many countries due to their characteristic latex ingredients. They have also often been endowed with a social or cultural significance in religious or cult rituals or for hunting. Initial chemical studies focused on the protein or peptide content but recently the interest extended to smaller molecules. Latex has been found to contain a broad range of specialized metabolites such as terpenoids, cardenolides, alkaloids, and phenolics, which are partly responsible for their antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, cytotoxic, and insect-repellent activities. The diversity in biology and chemistry of latexes is supposedly associated to their ecological roles in interactions with exogenous factors. Latexes contain unique compounds that are different to those found in their bearing plants. Exploring the feasibility of plant latex as a new type of bioactive chemical resource, this review paper covers the chemical characterization of plant latexes, extending this to various other plant exudates. Also, the factors influencing this chemical differentiation and the production, transportation, and chemistry of the latex exudates are described, based on ecological and biochemical mechanisms. We also proposed a latex coagulation model involving 4 general conserved steps. Therefore, the inherent defensive origin of latexes is recognized as their most valuable character and encourages one to pay attention to these materials as alternative sources to discover metabolites with insecticidal or antimicrobial activity.

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Comparative Study on Plant Latex Particles and Latex Coagulation in Ficus benjamina, Campanula glomerata and Three Euphorbia species

Cited by 33 publications

References 25 publications

Lipid droplet functions beyond energy storage

Lipid droplet functions beyond energy storage

Host identity and phylogeny shape the foliar endophytic fungal assemblages of Ficus

Plant Latex, from Ecological Interests to Bioactive Chemical Resources

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