Comparative study on seasonal variation in hydro-chemical parameters of Ganga River water using comprehensive pollution index (CPI) at Rishikesh (Uttarakhand) India

Abstract

The assessment of the Ganga River System at Rishikesh was investigated at five different sites for three different seasons (summer, winter and monsoon) using comprehensive pollution index (CPI), considering 10 physicochemical parameters such as conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total hardness, Cl, phosphate and sulphate. The CPI was found to be 0.54 2.47, which indicates the variation in pollution level of the River Ganga. The variation in pollution index value clearly shows that water quality was slightly polluted in winter (0.54 0.72) and summer (0.64 0.88) whereas high contamination (1.68 2.47) was observed during monsoon season. Among various sampling stations, Pashulok Barrage (Site 5) was more contaminated than other sites. All the studied parameters were under the permissible limit of W.H.O. (2011) except turbidity, total solids and suspended solids which were higher than the permissible limit. This study also illustrates the correlation between parameters by developing correlation matrix. The result of this study clearly elucidates that the water quality is getting contaminated as we moved from upstream to downstream of river and helps to understand the potential effects of water quality on drinking, irrigation and other purposes.

Spatial and temporal variations of physical-chemical parameters of the Akor River in Ikwuano local government of Abia state, Nigeria

“…The values of K + recorded in this study were within the results range obtained by Anyanwu (2012). However, some recent studies on fresh waters (Matta et al, 2018;Anyanwu and Ukaegbu, 2019) reported quite lower K + values compared to the values recorded in this study.…”

A model-based prediction and analysis of seasonal and tidal influence on pollutants distribution from city outfalls of river Ganges in West Bengal, India and its mapping using GIS tool

“…The same kind of trend was observed in many works on river Ganga [54][55][56][57]. A significant influence of environmental factors on seasonal distribution of water quality parameters in river was reported [58]. During rainy season, the dilution effect for surface run-off may be responsible for changing the concentration of pollutants and reduction of its value [59,60].…”

Appraisal of spatial–temporal variation and pollution source estimation of Ganga River system through pollution indices and environmetrics in Upper Ganga basin

“…In this regard, various developmental activities (i.e. construction of roads and dams at the upstream region of the Himalayas) and discharge of agricultural wastes in the river reported as critical sources of contaminations (Matta et al 2018c(Matta et al , 2020c.…”