Comparative Study on Steam and Oxidative Steam Reforming of Methane with Noble Metal Catalysts

Amjad, Um-e-Salma; Vita, Antonio; Galletti, Camilla; Pino, L.; Specchia, Vito

doi:10.1021/ie400679h

Cited by 70 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Proper values of the O 2 /C molar ratio and of the steam rate make the reaction isothermal and self-sustaining from a thermal point of view [63]. In the current technical practice, the steam-to-carbon (S/C) molar ratio is largely higher than 1 to better control the coke formation [38,91]. In the studied APUs, two sections are considered: a fuel processor unit (FPU) for the hydrogen production and a fuel cell unit (FCU) for the conversion of the hydrogen chemical energy into electricity via the PEM-FC stack.…”

Section: Apus and Models Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the unburned fuel, according to the experimental evidence in the literature [14,15], a complete conversion to syngas (H 2 , CO, CO 2 , H 2 O, N 2 ) is assumed. The steam is fed to both SR and ATR with a S/C molar ratio of 3 to make negligible the carbon formation and to ensure water self-sustainability of the whole system [38,39]. Moreover, methane formation (as undesired product of parasitic methanation reaction) is assumed insignificant, being the SR reaction predominant at high S/C ratio values over 400-500°C range [101].…”

Section: Apus and Models Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance evaluation and comparison of fuel processors integrated with PEM fuel cell based on steam or autothermal reforming and on CO preferential oxidation or selective methanation

2015

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Section: Apus and Models Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Apus and Models Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance evaluation and comparison of fuel processors integrated with PEM fuel cell based on steam or autothermal reforming and on CO preferential oxidation or selective methanation

2015

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“…ceria or ceria-zirconia for catalyzing various reactions, including steam reforming. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Noticeably, from HRTEM observations of Pd-CeO 2 and DFT calculations, Colussi et al identied stable ordered Pd-O-Ce superstructures suggested to be responsible for superior catalytic performances in methane combustion. 31,33 Unlike Pt-group metals combined with ceria, Au/CeO 2 synthesized in one step with the SCS method (using urea fuel) does not exhibit a high metal dispersion (5-25 nm particles).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastable iridium–ceria nanopowders synthesized in one step by solution combustion for catalytic hydrogen production

et al. 2014

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Mesoporous ceria loaded with 0.06-0.93 wt% iridium was synthesized in one step by the ambient air combustion of an aqueous solution of ceric ammonium nitrate, ammonium hexachloroiridate, and glycine fuel. The structural properties of the powders, and the influence of such parameters as Ir loading and thermochemical post-treatments, were investigated combining aberration-corrected HRTEM, SEM, in situ XRD, XPS, DRIFTS, and Raman spectroscopy. The materials, which appeared spongy at the micrometer scale, exhibited ca. 30 nm-sized ceria crystallites with a layered structure at the nanoscale.After reducing treatments, Ir nanoparticles anchored at the surface of ceria grains were identified, and their size (ca. 2 nm) did not evolve upon further heating at up to 900 C. A detailed picture of the Ir-CeO 2 interface could be established, with the presence of Ir x+ -O 2À -Ce 3+ entities along with oxygen vacancies. The powders loaded with only 0.1 wt% Ir were successfully employed as catalysts for the production of hydrogen from methane and water in low-steam conditions at 750 C. Due to their higher Ir dispersion and stronger Ir-CeO 2 interaction, the combustion-synthesized materials outperformed their conventionally prepared counterparts in terms of activity and stability, making them promising as active catalytic layers for solid-oxide fuel cells integrating the gradual internal reforming concept.

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“…Catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene in a gas‐liquid‐solid system, which is a greener method, is the main way to obtain aniline in very high yields . A noble metal is commonly used in catalytic reaction due to excellent catalytic activity and higher coking resistance ; however, the cost is too high and limits industrial applications. As a transition metal, nickel‐based catalysts exhibit high activity for hydrogenation and are low‐cost compared with noble‐metal‐based catalysts .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti‐Coke Properties of Acid‐Treated Bentonite‐Supported Nickel‐Boron Catalyst

Jiang

Huang

et al. 2017

Chem Eng & Technol

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Boron was introduced into nickel/acid-treated bentonite (Ni/A-Bn) catalysts to improve the anti-coking ability of the nickel-based catalyst in the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. The results showed the B-doped Ni/A-Bn catalyst was more active than that without B. During an extended reaction period, Ni-B/acid-treated bentonite (Ni-B/A-Bn) resulted in a high nitrobenzene conversion and a high aniline selectivity. The lifetime of Ni-B/A-Bn was extended significantly compared with that of Ni/A-Bn. The addition of B into Ni/A-Bn decreased the NiO particle size, improved the dispersion of active components, and decreased carbon deposition. The combination of B and Ni prevented coke deposition on metallic Ni during nitrobenzene hydrogenation, which reduced carbon deposition on the surface of Ni-B/A-Bn. IntroductionAniline is an important chemical in industry [1,2], and is mainly produced by phenol ammonization, iron powder reduction, and catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. Among these methods, catalytic hydrogenation does not generate acid effluents and has little impact on the environment, compared with the other two methods. Catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene in a gas-liquid-solid system, which is a greener method, is the main way to obtain aniline in very high yields [3][4][5]. A noble metal is commonly used in catalytic reaction due to excellent catalytic activity and higher coking resistance [6][7][8][9][10]; however, the cost is too high and limits industrial applications. As a transition metal, nickel-based catalysts exhibit high activity for hydrogenation and are low-cost compared with noblemetal-based catalysts [11]. In industry, nickel-based catalysts are generally used in the form of Raney Ni; however, this is easily deactivated by sintering. Additionally, catalyst deactivation is also caused by carbon deposition, which a general problem for hydrogenation [12,13]. Many studies of carbon chemisorption on Ni surfaces have further refined understanding of the molecular-level behavior of carbon atom deposition on Nibased catalysts [14][15][16], and it has been suggested that a small amount of boron could enhance the stability of Ni-based catalysts [15,16]. The atomic number of boron close to that of carbon, and shows similar chemisorption preferences on Ni-based catalysts; therefore, a small amount of boron might block most of the stable binding sites. Furthermore, calculations have demonstrated that these sites probably initiate coke formation [14,15] or lead to low catalytic activity when covered by carbon atoms [16]. Initial studies indicated that blocking by boron potentially reduced deactivation, and boron could influence the coking resistance of nickel-based catalysts during the steam reforming of methane [17].Bentonite is a good catalyst support due to its strong metalsupport interaction and low cost. Coking on the Ni surface is a technological problem and has been addressed in many studies [18][19][20][21][22]. Ni/bentonite was used as a catalyst for nitrobenzene hydrogenation to form aniline; ...

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Comparative Study on Steam and Oxidative Steam Reforming of Methane with Noble Metal Catalysts

Cited by 70 publications

References 74 publications

Performance evaluation and comparison of fuel processors integrated with PEM fuel cell based on steam or autothermal reforming and on CO preferential oxidation or selective methanation

Performance evaluation and comparison of fuel processors integrated with PEM fuel cell based on steam or autothermal reforming and on CO preferential oxidation or selective methanation

Ultrastable iridium–ceria nanopowders synthesized in one step by solution combustion for catalytic hydrogen production

Anti‐Coke Properties of Acid‐Treated Bentonite‐Supported Nickel‐Boron Catalyst

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