Comparative Study on the Flame Retardancy and Retarding Mechanism of Rare Earth (La, Ce, and Y)-Based Organic Frameworks on Epoxy Resin

Abstract

In this work, a series of rare earth-based metal–organic frameworks (RE-MOFs) with the same organic ligand were synthesized and studied as flame retardants on epoxy. Through thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxide index, UL-94, and cone calorimeter tests, a Y-based MOF (Y-MOF) showed the best flame retardancy compared with a La-based MOF (La-MOF) and Ce-based MOF (Ce-MOF). Further research with Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and theoretical calculation revealed that the reasons for the different flame retardance performances of RE-MOFs resulted from the catalytic carbonizing abilities and the radical-trapping abilities of La, Ce, and Y.

Simultaneously improving the hydrophobic property and flame retardancy of aluminum hypophosphite using rare earth based coupling agent for epoxy composites

“…Meanwhile, the maximum peak value of CO 2 release rate for EP/6RaAHP‐4 was also significantly decreased by 55.72% and 41.22% compared to that of pure EP and EP/6AHP, respectively. Therefore, the rare earth based RaAHP‐4 has a good capability to weaken smoke and CO suppression 11,46,47 …”

“…RaAHP-4 has a good capability to weaken smoke and CO suppression. 11,46,47 Smoke factor (SF) is defined as SF ¼ HRR Â TSR; SF can synthesize the effect of heat and smoke on the full effect of polymeric materials. According to the maximum SF values, it can be seen that RaAHP-4 has a good smoke suppression effect for EP.…”

Rationally designed rare earth elements functionalized MoS2 nanosheets towards reducing fire hazards of epoxy resin

“…The higher the value of FGI, the more severe the risk of fire. 48 As shown in Table 2, the EP/CSO@MoS 2 1.0 composites delivered an FGI value of 5.34 kW (m À2 s À1 ), which was the smallest compared to the 7.09 kW (m À2 s À1 ) for the pure EP, 6.77 kW (m À2 s À1 ) for the EP/CSO composites, and 9.8 kW (m À2 s À1 ) for the EP/MoS 2 composites, indicating that the EP/CSO@MoS 2 composite had the highest fire safety. Moreover, the EP/CSO@MoS 2 composites also had the highest FPI value (0.115m s kW À1 ), compared with the others.…”

Composites Filled with Metal Organic Frameworks and Their Derivatives: Recent Developments in Flame Retardants

“…Some rare earth elements have thermal stability and toxic fume inhibition, and can be tried as flame retardants [ 42 , 43 ]. Li et al [ 44 ] investigated three rare earth elements (La, Ce, and Y) as metal sites for MOFs (RE-MOF). The EP composites were tested for flame retardancy using the cone calorimeter test (CCT) while comparing the reasons for the high and low flame retardancy of the three RE-MOF.…”