Comparative study on three highly sensitive absorption measurement techniques characterizing lithium niobate over its entire transparent spectral range

Leidinger, Markus; Fieberg, S.; Waasem, Niklas; Kühnemann, Frank; Buse, K.; Breunig, Ingo

doi:10.1364/oe.23.021690

Cited by 121 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…While the optical Q factors are already close to the material limitation [36], it was shown recently that the intrinsic microwave absorption in lithium niobate at millikelvin temperatures allows for Q Ω ≈ 10 5 [37]. This alone would increase our G 0 by 3 orders of magnitude in the current coupling regime.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Efficient microwave to optical photon conversion: an electro-optical realization

Rueda¹,

Sedlmeir²,

Collodo³

et al. 2016

Optica

226

218

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Linking classical microwave electrical circuits to the optical telecommunication band is at the core of modern communication. Future quantum information networks will require coherent microwave-to-optical conversion to link electronic quantum processors and memories via low-loss optical telecommunication networks. Efficient conversion can be achieved with electro-optical modulators operating at the single microwave photon level. In the standard electro-optic modulation scheme, this is impossible because both up-and down-converted sidebands are necessarily present. Here, we demonstrate true single-sideband up-or down-conversion in a triply resonant whispering gallery mode resonator by explicitly addressing modes with asymmetric free spectral range. Compared to previous experiments, we show a 3 orders of magnitude improvement of the electro-optical conversion efficiency, reaching 0.1% photon number conversion for a 10 GHz microwave tone at 0.42 mW of optical pump power. The presented scheme is fully compatible with existing superconducting 3D circuit quantum electrodynamics technology and can be used for nonclassical state conversion and communication. Our conversion bandwidth is larger than 1 MHz and is not fundamentally limited.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Efficient microwave to optical photon conversion: an electro-optical realization

Rueda¹,

Sedlmeir²,

Collodo³

et al. 2016

Optica

226

218

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“…However, the bulk LN resonators can have a better Q. E.g., the ones used in [21] have had extinction coefficients r 5 · 10 −4 cm −1 , which corresponds to the intrinsic quality factor 2πn/(rλ) 2 · 10 8 in the required wavelength range, λ. Total Q is half of the above for the critical coupling (η = 1/2), and thus for the moderate Q = 10 7 , we have 2κ p,s ω p,s /Q ∼ 10 8 s −1 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency combs in a microring optical parametric oscillator

et al. 2019

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We report the soliton frequency comb generation in microring optical parametric oscillators operating in the down-conversion regime and with the simultaneous presence of the χ (2) and Kerr nonlinearities. The combs are studied considering a typical geometry of a bulk LiNbO 3 toroidal resonator with the normal group velocity dispersion spanning an interval between the pump and the down-converted signal. We have identified critical power signaling a transition between the relatively low pump power predominantly χ (2) combs and the high pump power ones shaped by the competition between the χ (2) and Kerr nonlinearities.

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“…The values are calculated from absorption data[104]. The dips around 2.5 µm wavelength are attributed to absorption stemming from residual hydrogen.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐wave mixing in whispering gallery resonators

Breunig

2016

Laser & Photonics Reviews

149

109

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We review the progress in the development of frequency converters based on three-wave mixing in whispering gallery resonators (WGRs). The theoretical description, given in a unified notation for all basic processes, reveals that the phase-matching condition known from conventional devices is replaced by several selection rules and, furthermore, the fact that conversion efficiencies of more than 25% can be reached in the overcoupled regime only. Experimentally, the conversion efficiencies exceed 50% already at milliwatt input powers. This is achieved, however, so far in bulk resonators only since today the on-chip devices have two orders of magnitude lower quality factors. Regarding the stability of the conversion process, one has to consider impurities left from the crystal growth and material specific effects like photoconductivity, photorefractivity, and pyroelectricity. The impressive experimental progress paves the way that micrometer-sized frequency converters based on WGRs will find the way out of the lab into real-world applications.

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Comparative study on three highly sensitive absorption measurement techniques characterizing lithium niobate over its entire transparent spectral range

Cited by 121 publications

References 17 publications

Efficient microwave to optical photon conversion: an electro-optical realization

Efficient microwave to optical photon conversion: an electro-optical realization

Frequency combs in a microring optical parametric oscillator

Three‐wave mixing in whispering gallery resonators

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