Comparative Study on Triterpene Saponins of Ginseng Drugs

Zhu, Shu; Zou, Kun; Fushimi, Hirotoshi; Cai, Shao‐Qing; Komatsu, Kenshi

doi:10.1055/s-2004-827192

Cited by 89 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Using the method, three Ginseng drugs derived from three different Panax taxa were analyzed. Furthermore, we have subsequently conducted a comparative study on the 11 ginsenosides of 47 samples of Ginseng drugs derived from 12 Panax taxa using the established method to characterize the chemical constituent pattern of each Ginseng drug and to investigate relationships among genetic varieties 20) and chemical constituent pattern, and the results will be reported in our future paper.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Determination of Triterpene Saponins in Ginseng Drugs by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

et al. 2004

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Ginseng drugs, the roots and/or rhizomes of Panax spp. (Araliaceae), are a group of the most important herbal medicines in the Orient. More than 10 Panax taxa reported worldwide are available as medicinal resources in traditional Chinese medicine as well as in folk medicine, such as Ginseng, American Ginseng, Notoginseng, Chikusetsu-ninjin (Japanese Ginseng), Vietnamese Ginseng, etc. The main bioactive constituents of Ginseng drugs are considered to be triterpene saponins, generally referred to as ginsenosides. To date, more than 80 ginsenosides have been isolated from these drugs and most of them possess four types of aglycones, i.e., protopanaxadiol, protopanaxatriol, ocotillol and oleanolic acid types. [1][2][3] Pharmacologic studies showed that the bioactivities of ginsenosides vary depending on the type of aglycone and the sugar moiety. [4][5][6] Phytochemical studies revealed that the composition and relative abundance of various ginsenosides in these drugs are different. [7][8][9] Comparative studies of the protopanaxadiol type [ginsenoside Rb 1 (1), Rb 2 , Rc (2), and Rd (3)] and protopanaxatriol type [ginsenoside Re (5), Rg 1 (6), and Rf] in Ginseng, American Ginseng and Notoginseng have been reported. [10][11][12] However, a systematic comparison of the four-type ginsenosides, including the ocotillol and oleanolic acid types, has not been investigated so far. Recently, majonoside R 2 (8), a typical ocotillol type saponin, has attracted much attention for its high medicinal value as an antistress and antitumor active agent. 13,14) The oleanolic acid saponins, ginsenoside Ro (9) and chikusetsusaponin IV (10) have also been reported to have an antiinflammatory effect and to protect against stress ulcers. 15)Therefore a convenient and efficient method that allows simultaneous determination of the four-type ginsenosides is desirable for chemical and biological evaluation of different Ginseng drugs.In the present study, 11 ginsenosides (1-11) (Fig. 1) representing the four types of saponins were chosen as standards based on extensive existence of relatively high concentration in different Ginseng drugs, which also have biological potential and phytotaxonomic significance. Here, we report the investigation and validation of a convenient HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of 11 ginsenosides with fourtype aglycones and its utilization in the quantitative analysis of three Ginseng drugs with completely different compositions of ginsenosides, 7,8,16) which are Ginseng, Ye-Sanchi, and Satsuma-ninjin derived from Panax ginseng, Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus, and Panax japonicus (Japan), respectively. A HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of 11 triterpene saponins with four-type aglycones (protopanaxadiol, protopanaxatriol, ocotillol and oleanolic acid types) in Ginseng drugs was developed and validated. Using a gradient of acetonitrile and 10 mM K-phosphate buffer (pH 5.80) as the mobile phase and UV detection at 196 nm, more than 18 ginsenosides with different aglycones were separated ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Determination of Triterpene Saponins in Ginseng Drugs by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

et al. 2004

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“…As there are many similar types and imitations of Ginseng, authentication by molecular biological methods is necessary. 6,7) In this study, we applied LAMP to P. ginseng and Ginseng. To accomplish rapid detection besides authentication of related species, we chose the 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene region as target because its nucleotide sequences have been determined.…”

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Rapid Detection of Panax ginseng by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification and Its Application to Authentication of Ginseng

Sasaki

Komatsu

Nagumo

2008

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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We have developed a novel method called loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to detect Panax ginseng, the botanical source of Ginseng (Ginseng Radix), and to distinguish P. ginseng from Panax japonicus. Six allele-specific primers (two outer primers, two inner primers, and two loop primers) were designed based on the 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequence of P. ginseng, and LAMP was performed using those primers and total DNA extracted from P. ginseng as template. Amplifications were observed from approximately 30 min onwards at DNA concentrations of 0.5 to 10.0 ng. The presence of loop primers shortened the reaction time considerably. In contrast, in the reactions using total DNA from P. japonicus as template, no amplifications were observed. LAMP also enabled us to distinguish Ginseng from Japanese Ginseng (Panacis Japonici Rhizoma). LAMP was proven to be a rapid, highly sensitive, and specific method for the detection of P. ginseng and Ginseng.

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“…The matK gene sequence has been widely employed as a powerful tool in examining inter-and intragenus phylogeny due to its high substitution rate. 10,11) As a part of our study on the quality evaluation of Dahuang, DNA analysis of the matK gene region was performed on R. palmatum, R. tanguticum, R. officinale, and six other Rheum species to clarify their phylogenetic relationship, and further to develop a correct identification method for plants and drugs. Moreover, the 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences of nine species were elucidated.…”

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Molecular Analysis of Rheum Species Used as Rhei Rhizoma Based on the Chloroplast matK Gene Sequence and Its Application for Identification

Yang¹,

Fushimi²,

Cai

et al. 2004

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Rhei Rhizoma, called Dahuang in Chinese, is one of the important herbal drugs widely used as a purgative and antiinflammatory agent. In traditional Chinese formulations and over-the-counter drugs, Dahuang is also used for the treatment of oketsu (various syndromes caused by the obstruction of blood circulation such as dysmenorrhea, etc.). 1,2) In the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, 1) the official Dahuang is prescribed for the dried rhizome and root of Rheum palmatum L., R. tanguticum MAXIM. ex BALF., and R. officinale BAILLON of the family Polygonaceae. On the other hand, the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 3) prescribes not only the above three species but also R. coreanum NAKAI, and their interspecific hybrids as the botanical origins for Rhei Rhizoma. Since Rheum plants are self-incompatible in nature 4) and have been hybridized at random since ancient times, morphologically intermediate forms (in the shape of the leaf blade, color of flowers, etc.) are frequently present. This situation made the taxonomic identification of Rheum plants very difficult. Accordingly, Dahuang derived from Rheum species has not been identified correctly and its quality has varied depending on differences in markets and production areas. Some Dahuang from Gansu Province, China, contained less sennoside A than that indicated in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (our unpublished data). Moreover, the underground parts of R. franzenbachii MUNT., R. rhaponticum L., R. undulatum L., and R. spiciforme ROYLE, which have been used as folk medicines under the names Shan-dahuang, Tu-dahuang, Wadaio, and Chu-tsa in China, Japan, and Tibet, respectively, were sometimes confused with official Dahuang. Identification of Dahuang was primarily based on the histologic characteristics of Rheum rhizomes, 5,6) although these characteristics are influenced by plant growth and environmental conditions. Recently, DNAbased polymorphic assay were found to provide valuable information necessary to resolve taxonomic problems.7,8) Yang et al. described the nucleotide sequences of the chloroplast trnL/trnF gene region of 13 Rheum species to discriminate R. palmatum, R. tanguticum, and R. officinale from adulterated species. 9) However, their phylogenetic relationship and the identification markers for each species have not been clarified. The matK gene sequence has been widely employed as a powerful tool in examining inter-and intragenus phylogeny due to its high substitution rate.10,11) As a part of our study on the quality evaluation of Dahuang, DNA analysis of the matK gene region was performed on R. palmatum, R. tanguticum, R. officinale, and six other Rheum species to clarify their phylogenetic relationship, and further to develop a correct identification method for plants and drugs. Moreover, the 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences of nine species were elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODSMaterials Fifty-six plant specimens investigated were identified carefully according to the definition of Kao 12,13) as nine Rheum species belonging to four sections. The nine species are: R. palmatu...

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Comparative Study on Triterpene Saponins of Ginseng Drugs

Cited by 89 publications

References 10 publications

Simultaneous Determination of Triterpene Saponins in Ginseng Drugs by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Simultaneous Determination of Triterpene Saponins in Ginseng Drugs by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Rapid Detection of Panax ginseng by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification and Its Application to Authentication of Ginseng

Molecular Analysis of Rheum Species Used as Rhei Rhizoma Based on the Chloroplast matK Gene Sequence and Its Application for Identification

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