Comparative Test of Two Methods of Quantum Efficiency Absolute Measurement Based on Squeezed Vacuum Direct Detection

Agafonov, I. N.; Chekhova, Maria V.; Penin, A. N.; Rytikov, G. O.; Shumilkina, O. A.; Iskhakov, T. Sh.

doi:10.1142/s0219749911007265

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Single photon regime is far from the one where traditional radiometry operates and where the best accuracy is available [10]. Some specific activities in this context are already on-going [11], in particular related to the calibration of single-photon detectors exploiting the Klyshko's twin-photon coincidence technique [12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19] and its developments [20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Absolute calibration of an EMCCD camera by quantum correlation, linking photon counting to the analog regime

Avella¹,

Berchera²,

Degiovanni³

et al. 2016

Opt. Lett.

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We show how the same setup and procedure, exploiting spatially multimode quantum correlations, allows the absolute calibration of an electron-multiplying charge-coupled (EMCCD) camera from the analog regime down to the single-photon-counting level, just by adjusting the brightness of the quantum source. At the single-photon level, an EMCCD can be operated as an on-off detector, where quantum efficiency depends on the discriminating threshold. We develop a simple model to explain the connection of the two different regimes demonstrating that the efficiency estimated in the analog (bright) regime allows us to accurately predict the detector behavior in the photocounting regime and vice versa. This work establishes a bridge between two regions of the optical measurements that up to now have been based on completely different standards, detectors, and measurement techniques.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Absolute calibration of an EMCCD camera by quantum correlation, linking photon counting to the analog regime

Avella¹,

Berchera²,

Degiovanni³

et al. 2016

Opt. Lett.

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Section: Pacs Numbers: Valid Pacs Appear Herementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Development of dedicated methods for absolute calibration of detectors in this context is therefore necessary, as it is widely recognised inside the radiometric community [8]. Some specific activities in this context are already on-going [9, 10], in particular related to the calibration of single-photon detectors exploiting the Klyshko's twinphoton technique [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and its developments [19][20][21][22][23][24][25].In particular, demand for precise calibration of detectors both in mesoscopic light regime it is relevant not only from the point of view of the development of quantum technologies, but also for establishing a connection between the light intensity level typical of classical radiometric measurements and the quantum radiometry operating at single-photon level [8, 9]. Quantum correlations in twin beams offer an opportunity for reaching this goal, as discussed in [26][27][28][29].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Absolute calibration of a charge-coupled device camera with twin beams

Meda

Berchera

Degiovanni

et al. 2014

Applied Physics Letters

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We report on the absolute calibration of a CCD camera by exploiting quantum correlation. This novel method exploits a certain number of spatial pairwise quantum correlated modes produced by spontaneous parametric-down-conversion. We develop a measurement model accounting for all the uncertainty contributions, and we reach the relative uncertainty of 0.3% in low photon flux regime. This represents a significant step forward for the characterizaion of (scientific) CCDs used in mesoscopic light regime. PACS numbers: Valid PACS appear hereIntroduction. The development of quantum metrology, imaging and sensing [1-6] based on quantum optical states aim to reach sensitivity beyond classical limits. For this reason it requires new detection strategies in the low light intensity regime (down to few photons), that are far from the ones where traditional radiometry operates [7]. Development of dedicated methods for absolute calibration of detectors in this context is therefore necessary, as it is widely recognised inside the radiometric community [8]. Some specific activities in this context are already on-going [9, 10], in particular related to the calibration of single-photon detectors exploiting the Klyshko's twinphoton technique [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and its developments [19][20][21][22][23][24][25].In particular, demand for precise calibration of detectors both in mesoscopic light regime it is relevant not only from the point of view of the development of quantum technologies, but also for establishing a connection between the light intensity level typical of classical radiometric measurements and the quantum radiometry operating at single-photon level [8, 9]. Quantum correlations in twin beams offer an opportunity for reaching this goal, as discussed in [26][27][28][29].In [30] we realized the first absolute calibration of a standard CCD camera by exploiting bright squeezed vacuum. Standard CCD cameras, i.e. without any avalanche electro-multiplication, are able to count the number of generated photo-electron in each pixels for a given exposure time with a read-out noise ∆ RN of few photoelectron (for top-level devices), independent of the exposure time. However, a single photon can not be distinguished from the noise and the time resolution does not allow time tagging and coincidence of photon arrivals, instead the signal is proportional to the intensity (analog regime). If a light signal generate N photo-electron, under the condition ∆ RN << N 1/2 , sub-shot-noise sensitivity can be achieved [31][32][33], a properties that has been used also for quantum enhanced sensing and imaging protocols [2,33].The method in [30] is based on the sub-shot-noise measurement of photon number correlation between a pair

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“…Here we focus on the estimation of transmission, which is the basis of many sensing applications that have benefitted from the use of quantum states. For example, quantum states of light have enhanced plasmonic sensors [19], two-photon absorption spectroscopy [20][21][22], and the calibration of the quantum efficiency of detectors [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. For transmission estimation, it has been shown theoretically that single-mode states with reduced intensity noise [32,33] and two-mode states with reduced intensity-difference noise [34,35] can provide a quantum-based enhancement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission estimation at the quantum Cramér-Rao bound with macroscopic quantum light

Woodworth

Hermann-Avigliano

Chan

et al. 2022

EPJ Quantum Technol.

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The field of quantum metrology seeks to apply quantum techniques and/or resources to classical sensing approaches with the goal of enhancing the precision in the estimation of a parameter beyond what can be achieved with classical resources. Theoretically, the fundamental minimum uncertainty in the estimation of a parameter for a given probing state is bounded by the quantum Cramér-Rao bound. From a practical perspective, it is necessary to find physical measurements that can saturate this fundamental limit and to show experimentally that it is possible to perform measurements with the required precision to do so. Here we perform experiments that saturate the quantum Cramér-Rao bound for transmission estimation over a wide range of transmissions when probing the system under study with a continuous wave bright two-mode squeezed state. To properly take into account the imperfections in the generation of the quantum state, we extend our previous theoretical results to incorporate the measured properties of the generated quantum state. For our largest transmission level of 84%, we show a 62% reduction over the optimal classical protocol in the variance in transmission estimation when probing with a bright two-mode squeezed state with −8 dB of intensity-difference squeezing. Given that transmission estimation is an integral part of many sensing protocols, such as plasmonic sensing, spectroscopy, calibration of the quantum efficiency of detectors, etc., the results presented promise to have a significant impact on a number of applications in various fields of research.

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Comparative Test of Two Methods of Quantum Efficiency Absolute Measurement Based on Squeezed Vacuum Direct Detection

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Absolute calibration of an EMCCD camera by quantum correlation, linking photon counting to the analog regime

Absolute calibration of an EMCCD camera by quantum correlation, linking photon counting to the analog regime

Absolute calibration of a charge-coupled device camera with twin beams

Transmission estimation at the quantum Cramér-Rao bound with macroscopic quantum light

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