Comparative toxicity and tissue distribution of lead acetate in weanling and adult rats.

Abstract

The relative toxicity of low doses of lead acetate provided steadily in drinking water or by mouth once per week was studied in weanling and adult rats. Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin and urinary 8-aminolevulinic acid levels were measured, as well as lead levels in blood and kidney. The accumulation of lead in brain tissue and in bone (femur) was measured to determine the effect of age and schedule of administration on tissue distribution and retention of lead. Total intakes of lead during the 60-week experimental period were: weanling and adult rats exposed to drinking water supplemented with 200 ,g of lead acetate/ml: 127 + 10 mg and 160 ± 16 mg, respectively; weanling and adult rats dosed with lead acetate orally once per week: 132 mg and 161 mg, respectively. Increased toxic effects of lead in the weanling animals were apparent in most of the parameters measured (urinary 8-aminolevulinic acid and blood, brain, femur and kidney lead levels). This pattern was observed in weanling rats exposed to lead steadily through drinking water or dosed orally with an equivalent quantity of lead once per week. Lead levels in blood were highly correlated with the accumulation of lead in brain, femur, and kidney tissue in both groups of weanling rats. In adult rats, significant correlations between blood lead and kidney lead and between blood lead and femur lead were found only in the rats receiving lead steadily in drinking water.

Protection against lead contamination by strains of lactic acid bacteria from<br>fermented camel milk

“…Smith et al (1992) showed that elevated concentrations of lead in kidney (fresh weight) relative to levels in blood were consistent with the presence of specific leadbinding sites in the kidney at very low levels of exposure. Rader et al (1981) observed correlations between blood lead and kidney lead, and correlations between blood lead and femur lead were found only in the rats receiving lead steadily in drinking water.…”

“…The young monkeys retained 64.5 and 69.8% of the orally administered 210 Pb at 70 and 150 days of age, respectively, while adult monkeys retained 3.2% of the 210Pb dose (Castellino and Aloj, 1964;Wiles et al, 1977). In general, daily exposure to lead via drinking water resulted in the highest lead content in blood, brain, kidney, and femur for both weanling and adult rats (Rader et al, 1981). Experiments with rats showed the main storage organs: kidneys and bone.…”

“…On the 28 th day blood was collected by cardiac puncture (Rader et al, 1981), and following were obtained (a) Heart, (b) Lungs, (c) Liver, (d) Kidneys, (e) Spleen (Schroeder et al, 1964(Schroeder et al, , 1965Babalola et al, 2010;Chun-Yan et al, 2011). All samples were stored in a freezer at -20ºC until analysis.…”

“…Many studies about detoxification of water and food by utilization of different microorganisms are available (Haltttunen et al, 2006(Haltttunen et al, , 2007Fandi et al, 2006). Many experiences were done with laboratory animals to study lead distribution in vivo by treating orally, inhalation or injection (Dallak, 2009;Castellino and Aloij, 1969;Rader et al, 1981;Smith et al, 1992). But, there are no many studies about interaction of LAB and heavy metals in vivo and influence for retention or elimination of Pb.…”

Biological Fractionation of Lead Isotopes in Sprague-Dawley Rats Lead Poisoned via the Respiratory Tract

“…Thus, analysis of the factors that affect the differences in the lead isotope ratios among the biological samples from the same person is challenging. Moreover, a number of factors could cause a redistribution of lead within the body after lead exposure [11]. It is not known whether there is fractionation of the four stable isotopes of lead during the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes in the body.…”