Comparative Toxicity of Selenates and Selenites to Wheat

Hurd-Karrer, Annie M.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1937.tb09172.x

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the explanation remained elusive also for the above authors. In agreement with Hurd-Karrer (1937), chlorosis may be explained by the substitution of sulfur in the proteins of plastids resulting in lower chlorophyll content and/or in a stop in chlorophyll turnover. At present, the modality of the onset of the chlorosis at the frond margin remains hard to explain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Most probably this pattern of toxicity may depend on the different modes of uptake of both selenite and selenate and on the distribution and assimilation and the chemical form of Se in plants after absorption. According to Hurd-Karrer (1937), the lower toxicity of selenate in HS media could be a consequence of a simple mass effect, assuming an indiscriminate uptake and utilization of both elements. Namely, the absorption and translocation of selenate in plants are believed to closely resemble those of sulfate (Brown and Shrift 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, they are readily absorbed by the roots, but the mechanism of uptake, translocation and metabolism are dissimilar and not well understood (Arvy 1993). Moreover, particular conditions of the culture medium, such as sulfate content, may modify the relative toxicity of selenite and selenate (Hurd-Karrer 1937, Trelease and Trelease 1938, Brown and Shrift 1982, Zayed and Terry 1992.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity of selenium to Lemna minor in relation to sulfate concentration

Severi

2001

Physiologia Plantarum

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The aquatic plant Lemna minor L. was treated with sodium selenite or sodium selenate to test the toxicity of these salts in relation to high or low levels of sulfate in the culture medium. Several morphophysiological aspects, such as multiplication rate (MR), ratio of the number of fronds to number of colonies (Nfr/Ncol), frond size, cell ultrastructure, pigment content and guaiacol peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) activity were evaluated. Their variations might be an indirect means of evaluating the degree of susceptibility or tolerance of this plant to selenium (Se). Sodium selenite or sodium selenate treatments at concentrations ranging from 1 to 256 μM generally decreased the investigated parameters. Moreover, the sulfate concentration influenced the toxicity of both Se salts. In general, with treatments in a medium containing a high sulfate (HS) content, sodium selenite appeared more toxic than sodium selenate, whereas in a low sulfate (LS) medium, sodium selenate seemed more toxic. MR was significantly increased at 1–4 μM selenite and LS or 8 μM selenate and HS levels, suggesting that Se may be an essential nutrient for this plant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity of selenium to Lemna minor in relation to sulfate concentration

Severi

2001

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…In contrast, methionine had no anti-selenate effect for Escherichia coli, though cysteine and glutathione were active (Fels & Cheldelin, 1949 a). Earlier studies by Hurd-Karrer (1937 on the selenate inhibition of growth of wheat plants showed that the effect of selenate depended on the amount of sulphate present, and that a molar proportion of selenate to sulphate considerably less than 1:1 prevented growth. She demonstrated that, at subinhibitory selenate levels, selenium was incorporated into the plant tissue in the same ratio to sulphur as in the nutrient solution provided.…”

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confidence: 99%

Competitive and Non-competitive Inhibitors of Bacterial Sulphate Reduction

Postgate¹

1952

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARY:The selenate ion, a remarkably powerful competitive antagonist of the reduction of sulphate by Desulphovibrio desulphuricans (Hildenborough) suspensions, did not affect reduction of sulphite and thiosulphate. Cysteine, methionine and glutathione had no anti-selenate effect. Selenate also inhibited the growth of D. desulphuricans ; this effect was antagonized competitively by sulphate and noncompetitively by sulphite. Repeated subculture in subinhibitory selenate + sulphate mixtures did not give rise to a selenate-resistant strain, though selenium was deposited in these conditions.The monofluorophosphate ion behaved similarly : it was a competitive sulphate antagonist in growth and in sulphate reduction, though it had a lower specific antisulphate activity than selenate. It did not affect the metabolism of sulphite or thiosulphate. At high concentrations it showed non-competitive inhibition of sulphate reduction.Of the other 'analogues' of sulphate tested, potassium tellurate suspensions and chromate inhibited growth and sulphate reduction, but were not competitive sulphate antagonists. High concentrations of perchlorate depressed sulphate reduction in a non-competitive manner, and methanesulphonate, P-hydroxyethanesulphonate, benzenesulphonate, ethylsulphate, sulphamate and dimethylsulphone were inactive.An acridinium dye known to inhibit the growth of D. desuZphuricans did not affect sulphate reduction, and, in growth, was not antagonized by sulphate or complex nitrogenous supplements. The organism was readily ' trained' to resist this dye. Butlin, 1949). Hence the inhibition of these bacteria has been studied largely from a practical standpoint. Rogers (1940) investigated the resistance of crude cultures to various dyestuffs and observed that acriflavine and proflavine were their most active inhibitors. He studied in detail a dye of the acridinium group, '914', and showed that its activity depended on inoculum size. He noted the possibility that adaptation to resist the dyestuff could take place, and a further publication (Rogers, 1945) described the practical use of the dye. Bunker (1942) advocated decrease of pH value to control the pollution of relatively small water volumes by sulphate reducers. Allen (1949) confirmed this in a study of their activities in sewage, mentioned their high resistance to chlorine and showed that various nitro-compounds depressed H,S formation. The resistance of these organisms Inhibition of sulphate redutcers 129 to many common inhibitors and antibiotics has been studied (Chemistry Research, 1947, and an effect of ferrous ions in enhancing this resistance was mentioned (Chemistry Research, 1947). This effect could be partly due to differences between the methods used to detect growth in these experiments : blackening of the culture by ferrous sulphide formation can occur at levels of growth undetectable by direct inspection. Postgate (1949) described the competitive inhibition of sodium sulphate reduction by sodium selenate, using a non-growing cell suspension, and sho...

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“…Several researchers have reported that Se(IV)-supplied plants may immobilize Se as elemental Se in the roots. 22 ' 23 In the elemental form, Se is non-toxic to plants. This may explain the high Se concentrations found in the roots of the Se(IV)-treated plants and the lack of yield reduction.…”

Section: Cropmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pH and selenium oxidation state on the selenium accumulation and yield of alfalfa

Mikkeisen

Haghnia

Page

1987

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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Experiments were performed in greenhouse sand culture to determine the effect of pH and Se oxidation state on the tissue composition and yield of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Alfalfa was planted and irrigated with nutrient solution containing 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 or 3.0 mg Se L -1 as Na 2 SeO 3 or Na 2 SeO l4 . The solution pH was maintained at 7.0 ± 0.2 or 4.5±0.2. Three harvests were made and the shoots and roots weighed and analyzed for total Se.

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Comparative Toxicity of Selenates and Selenites to Wheat

Cited by 29 publications

References 10 publications

Toxicity of selenium to Lemna minor in relation to sulfate concentration

Toxicity of selenium to Lemna minor in relation to sulfate concentration

Competitive and Non-competitive Inhibitors of Bacterial Sulphate Reduction

Effects of pH and selenium oxidation state on the selenium accumulation and yield of alfalfa

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