Comparative toxicokinetics and toxicity of PFOA and its replacement GenX in the early stages of zebrafish

Satbhai, Kruuttika; Vogs, Carolina; Crago, Jordan

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136131

Cited by 32 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The BCF ss values of F-53B were comparable with that of PFOS. Several studies showed that GenX exhibited lower bioconcentration potential than PFOA in the zebrafish embryo, liver, and blood of fish. , Nevertheless, the BCF ss of GenX (5.6 L/kg wet weight) was higher than that of PFOA (4 L/kg wet weight) in the carcass of fish. The difference in the organ/tissue or life stage might have an impact on the BCF ss of GenX and PFOA in fish.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warming Affects Bioconcentration and Bioaccumulation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances by Pelagic and Benthic Organisms in a Water–Sediment System

Wang

Wen

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Warming and exposure to emerging global pollutants, such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), are significant stressors in the aquatic ecosystem. However, little is known about the warming effect on the bioaccumulation of PFAS in aquatic organisms. In this study, the pelagic organisms Daphnia magna and zebrafish, and the benthic organism Chironomus plumosus were exposed to 13 PFAS in a sediment–water system with a known amount of each PFAS at different temperatures (16, 20, and 24 °C). The results showed that the steady-state body burden (C b‑ss) of PFAS in pelagic organisms increased with increasing temperatures, mainly attributed to increased water concentrations. The uptake rate constant (k u) and elimination rate constant (k e) in pelagic organisms increased with increasing temperature. In contrast, warming did not significantly change or even mitigate C b‑ss of PFAS in the benthic organism Chironomus plumosus, except for PFPeA and PFHpA, which was consistent with declined sediment concentrations. The mitigation could be explained by the decreased bioaccumulation factor due to a more significant percent increase in k e than k u, especially for long-chain PFAS. This study suggests that the warming effect on the PFAS concentration varies among different media, which should be considered for their ecological risk assessment under climate change.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warming Affects Bioconcentration and Bioaccumulation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances by Pelagic and Benthic Organisms in a Water–Sediment System

Wang

Wen

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Referring to the highest tested PFOA concentration (2 mg L −1 ), the reported architecture disarrangement agrees with the known morphopathological evidences of glomerulonephrosis (i.e., the morphofunctional alteration of the glomerular filtration barrier), with particular regard to podocyte effacement [ 9 , 11 , 48 , 58 , 66 , 67 ]. Though PFOA and other PFAS can accumulate at high concentrations in the kidney and potentially affect renal function, no previous research has specifically addressed the effect of these pollutants on the glomerular filtration barrier [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], making it difficult to interpret and compare the observed alterations and speculate about the possible underlying pathophysiology. Interestingly, none of the lesions seen in other anatomical districts (namely mitochondrial cristolysis, vesiculation, swelling, and ballooning, autophagosomes occurrence, rough endoplasmic reticulum degranulation, disarrangement and enlargement in hepatocytes [ 54 ]; increased number and volume of cytoplasm vesiculations in cells of the first proximal tubular segment, mitochondrial focal vesiculation in cells of the distal tubular segment and of the collecting ducts in kidney [ 22 ]; rough endoplasmic reticulum enlargement and fragmentation, cytoplasm vacuolation, enhanced phagolysosomes formation in thyroid follicles [ 45 ]) were appreciated at the level of glomerular filtration barrier, suggesting a somewhat different pathogenesis compared to the previous tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among other water pollutants, contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are particularly relevant because they may cause ecological, wildlife, and human health impacts because they are not fully regulated and/or not routinely monitored in the environment [ 12 ]. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) can be referred to as the most critical group of CECs [ 13 ]; they can accumulate at high concentration in the kidney, playing a primary role in their excretion, and are known to potentially affect renal function [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Nonetheless, there is a generalized lack of knowledge about the morphopathological and ultrastructural effects of these pollutants on the glomerular filtration barrier [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) can be referred to as the most critical group of CECs [ 13 ]; they can accumulate at high concentration in the kidney, playing a primary role in their excretion, and are known to potentially affect renal function [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Nonetheless, there is a generalized lack of knowledge about the morphopathological and ultrastructural effects of these pollutants on the glomerular filtration barrier [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. PFAS represent a heterogeneous class of synthetic fluorinated chemicals, containing at least one fully fluorinated methyl or methylene carbon atom [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrastructural Alterations of the Glomerular Filtration Barrier in Fish Experimentally Exposed to Perfluorooctanoic Acid

Manera

Casciano

Giari

2023

IJERPH

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances can be referred to as the most critical group of contaminants of emerging concern. They can accumulate in high concentration in the kidney and are known to potentially affect its function. Nonetheless, there is a lack of knowledge about their morphopathological effect on the glomerular filtration barrier. Since previous research suggests perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) induces glomerular protein leakage, the glomerular filtration barrier of 30 carp from the same parental stock (10 unexposed; 10 exposed to 200 ng L−1 of PFOA; and 10 exposed to 2 mg L−1 of PFOA for 56 days) was screened for possible PFOA-induced ultrastructural lesions in order to shed light on the related pathophysiology. PFOA exposure affected the glomerular filtration barrier in carp experimentally exposed to 2 mg L−1, showing ultrastructural alterations compatible with glomerulonephrosis: podocyte effacement, reduction of filtration slits and filtration slit diaphragms, basement membrane disarrangement, and occurrence of proteinaceous material in the urinary space. The results of the present research confirm the glomerular origin of the PFOA-induced protein leakage and can contribute to the mechanistic comprehension of PFOA’s impact on renal function and to the assessment of the exposure effect of environmental pollutants on animals and humans, according to the One Health approach.

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“…Based on the available animal toxicity data, it appears that GenX has greater hazardous potency than PFOA and PFOS (Wang et al 2015;Gomis et al 2018; US Environmental Protection Agency et al 2021). GenX has been shown to have adverse implications in mice and zebra sh (Satbhai et al 2022), such as inducing benign tumours, gene changes in the liver, thyroid hormone level disturbance and hepatocellular damage (Cannon et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GenX uptake by wheat and flooded and non-flooded rice: greenhouse experiment.

Zbedy,

Müller,

Kindness

et al. 2023

Preprint

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GenX (hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid) belongs to the group of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) compounds introduced to replace perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), which has been phased out in industrial and consumer product formulations. While GenX has been investigated in lab animals, there is limited information available regarding its uptake and translocation in wheat and rice. This study reports on a greenhouse experiment in which wheat and rice grown under flooded and non-flooded conditions were exposed to two GenX concentrations in the soil (0.4 mg kg− 1 and 2 mg kg− 1). GenX was analysed in the soil, porewater and shoots using targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Extractable organic fluorine (EOF) was determined using high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR GFMAS). Results showed that different species took up different amounts of GenX. The GenX in rice shoots was found to be 2.34 (± 0.45) µg g− 1 and 4.11 (± 0.87) µg g− 1 under flooded and non-flooded conditions, respectively, at a low exposure level. At high exposure, the GenX concentrations in flooded and non-flooded rice shoots increased threefold to 10.4 (± 0.41) and 13.4 (± 0.72) µg g− 1, respectively. Wheat shoots showed similar concentrations and increases between low- and high-level exposure. The translocation factor was significantly higher (P = 0.013) in non-flooded rice compared to flooded rice. The GenX bioaccumulation behaviours under the same culture conditions (e.g. temperature, humidity, light, same GenX concentration in the soil) were significantly different in non-flooded and flooded rice (P < 0.001). Non-flooded rice plants displayed a higher level of GenX bioaccumulation than flooded ones. Following exposure to GenX, flooded rice plants showed a reduction in biomass (25%) compared to the control plants (P < 0.014). Our findings indicate that GenX is a bioaccumulative compound, the presence of which likely inhibits the growth of plants.

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Comparative toxicokinetics and toxicity of PFOA and its replacement GenX in the early stages of zebrafish

Cited by 32 publications

References 46 publications

Warming Affects Bioconcentration and Bioaccumulation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances by Pelagic and Benthic Organisms in a Water–Sediment System

Warming Affects Bioconcentration and Bioaccumulation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances by Pelagic and Benthic Organisms in a Water–Sediment System

Ultrastructural Alterations of the Glomerular Filtration Barrier in Fish Experimentally Exposed to Perfluorooctanoic Acid

GenX uptake by wheat and flooded and non-flooded rice: greenhouse experiment.

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