Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals distinct responsive biological processes in radish genotypes contrasting for Plasmodiophora brassicae interaction

Wang, Jinglei; Hu, Tianhua; Wang, Wuhong; Hu, Hongbo; Wei, Qingzhen; Yan, Yaqin; He, Jiangming; Hu, Jingfeng; Bao, Chonglai

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2021.146170

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Interestingly, we discovered a radish cultivar, namely, “SQY” showing clubroot resistance in the greenhouse and field, but no clubroot resistance was identified in three QTLs ( Table S4 ). Therefore, we hypothesized that a novel gene and/or more genes might confer clubroot resistance in radish, further confirmed in a recent study by Wang J. L. et al ( 2022 ). The clubroot resistance gene CRa in B. rapa was aligned to a homologous region on chromosome Rs4 in radish, which has not been previously reported.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Identification of Novel Locus RsCr6 Related to Clubroot Resistance in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

et al. 2022

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Clubroot is a devastating disease that causes substantial yield loss worldwide. However, the inheritance and molecular mechanisms of clubroot resistance during pathogen infection in radish remain largely unclear. In this study, we investigated the inheritance of clubroot resistance in the F2 population derived from crossing clubroot-resistant (CR) and clubroot-susceptible inbred lines “GLX” and “XNQ,” respectively. Genetic analysis revealed that a single dominant gene controlled the clubroot resistance of “GLX” with a Mendelian ratio of resistance and susceptibility of nearly 3:1. Bulked segregant analysis combined with whole-genome resequencing (BSA-seq) was performed to detect the target region of RsCr6 on chromosome Rs8. Linkage analysis revealed that the RsCr6 locus was located between two markers, HB321 and HB331, with an interval of approximately 92 kb. Based on the outcomes of transcriptome analysis, in the RsCr6 locus, the R120263140 and R120263070 genes with a possible relation to clubroot resistance were considered candidate genes. In addition, three core breeding materials containing the two reported quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and our novel locus RsCr6 targeting clubroot resistance were obtained using marker-assisted selection (MAS) technology. This study reveals a novel locus responsible for clubroot resistance in radishes. Further analysis of new genes may reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the clubroot resistance of plants and provide a theoretical basis for radish resistance breeding.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Identification of Novel Locus RsCr6 Related to Clubroot Resistance in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

et al. 2022

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“…Although auxin is a phytohormone best known for its roles in organogenesis and tropism, auxin plays a surprisingly critical role during plant-microbe interaction, pathogenesis and parasitism. For example, auxin has been implied to accumulate in the infection sites of protist Plasmodiophora brassicae , hemi-parasitic plant Phtheirospermum japonicum and bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae ( Ding et al., 2008 ; Wakatake et al., 2020 ; Wang et al., 2022 ). Furthermore, GmYUC2 was also found to regulate rhizobacteria root nodule formation in soybean ( Wang et al., 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local auxin synthesis mediated by YUCCA4 induced during root-knot nematode infection positively regulates gall growth and nematode development

et al. 2022

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Parasites and pathogens are known to manipulate the host’s endogenous signaling pathways to facilitate the infection process. In particular, plant-parasitic root-knot nematodes (RKN) are known to elicit auxin response at the infection sites, to aid the development of root galls as feeding sites for the parasites. Here we describe the role of local auxin synthesis induced during RKN infection. Exogenous application of auxin synthesis inhibitors decreased RKN gall formation rates, gall size and auxin response in galls, while auxin and auxin analogues produced the opposite effects, re-enforcing the notion that auxin positively regulates RKN gall formation. Among the auxin biosynthesis enzymes, YUCCA4 (YUC4) was found to be dramatically up-regulated during RKN infection, suggesting it may be a major contributor to the auxin accumulation during gall formation. However, yuc4-1 showed only very transient decrease in gall auxin levels and did not show significant changes in RKN infection rates, implying the loss of YUC4 is likely compensated by other auxin sources. Nevertheless, yuc4-1 plants produced significantly smaller galls with fewer mature females and egg masses, confirming that auxin synthesized by YUC4 is required for proper gall formation and RKN development within. Interestingly, YUC4 promoter was also activated during cyst nematode infection. These lines of evidence imply auxin biosynthesis from multiple sources, one of them being YUC4, is induced upon plant endoparasitic nematode invasion and likely contribute to their infections. The coordination of these different auxins adds another layer of complexity of hormonal regulations during plant parasitic nematode interaction.

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“…These factors make it unsurprising to observe differences in NLR expression levels between resistant and susceptible plant genotypes when infected with a pathogen. For example, 22 NLRs were upregulated in Raphanus sativus resistant to Plasmodiophora brassicae , but not in a susceptible genotype during P. brassicae infection ( Wang et al, 2022a ). Furthermore, significant differences in NLR expression were observed between a partially resistant and susceptible Persea americana rootstocks infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi , especially after 6 h post-inoculation ( Fick et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: More Is Better—sometimes: Nlr Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ups and Downs of Plant NLR Expression During Pathogen Infection

2022

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Plant Nucleotide binding-Leucine rich repeat (NLR) proteins play a significant role in pathogen detection and the activation of effector-triggered immunity. NLR regulation has mainly been studied at a protein level, with large knowledge gaps remaining regarding the transcriptional control of NLR genes. The mis-regulation of NLR gene expression may lead to the inability of plants to recognize pathogen infection, lower levels of immune response activation, and ultimately plant susceptibility. This highlights the importance of understanding all aspects of NLR regulation. Three main mechanisms have been shown to control NLR expression: epigenetic modifications, cis elements which bind transcription factors, and post-transcriptional modifications. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of these mechanisms known to control NLR expression, and those which contribute toward successful immune responses. Furthermore, we discuss how pathogens can interfere with NLR expression to increase pathogen virulence. Understanding how these molecular mechanisms control NLR expression would contribute significantly toward building a complete picture of how plant immune responses are activated during pathogen infection—knowledge which can be applied during crop breeding programs aimed to increase resistance toward numerous plant pathogens.

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Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals distinct responsive biological processes in radish genotypes contrasting for Plasmodiophora brassicae interaction

Cited by 4 publications

References 47 publications

Identification of Novel Locus RsCr6 Related to Clubroot Resistance in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

Identification of Novel Locus RsCr6 Related to Clubroot Resistance in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

Local auxin synthesis mediated by YUCCA4 induced during root-knot nematode infection positively regulates gall growth and nematode development

The Ups and Downs of Plant NLR Expression During Pathogen Infection

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