Comparative Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses of Differences in Trunk Spiral Grain in Pinus yunnanensis

Gan, Peihua; Li, Peiling; Zhang, Xiaolin; Li, Hailin; Ma, Shaojie; Zong, Dan; He, Chengzhong

doi:10.3390/ijms241914658

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 75 publications

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“…They identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and metabolites involved in flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis [1]. Gan et al utilized transcriptomic and metabolomic techniques to analyze and compare the distinctions among various spiral types of P. yunnanensis, and the results suggested that phytohormones (IAA, ETH) and plant-pathogen interaction significantly influence the formation and growth of spiral grains in P. yunnanensis [33]. Changing of the stem type of P. yunnanensis at the seedling stage affected the height and morphological characteristics of plants [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous Phytohormone and Transcriptome Analysis Provided Insights into Seedling Height Growth of Pinus yunnanensis

Lu,

Wang,

Yang

et al. 2024

Forests

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Plant height plays a crucial role in both the structure and quality of plants. Pinus yunnanensis is a distinctive species of the forest found in Southwest China, where the height of the plants significantly influences both yield performance and plant architecture. Although the phenotypes of P. yunnanensis seedlings with different plant heights were quite different at their seedling stage, the molecular mechanisms controlling the seedling differentiation remain poorly understood. This study is aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of P. yunnanensis seedling differentiation using phenotypic, transcriptomic, and endogenous phytohormone analyses. The P. yunnanensis seedlings were categorized into three grades, i.e., Grades A, B, and C, by mean ± 1/2 standard deviation method (H ± 1/2σ), and the seedling height and ground diameter were measured. We conducted the measurements of endogenous hormone levels in the young shoot apexes of seedlings at different grades during the fast-growth period (March). The DEGs were identified through transcriptome sequencing and analyzed by qRT-PCR validation. Significant differences were observed in the content and ratio of endogenous phytohormones among various grades of P. yunnanensis seedlings (p < 0.05). The ABA content in Grade A was prominently more than that in Grades B and C, and the order of the content of auxins was Grade B > C > A. Furthermore, when compared to Grade A, the ratios of auxins/CTKs, auxins/ABA, CTKs/ABA, and (auxins + CTKs)/ABA exhibited significant increases in Grades B and C. Moreover, GO functional annotation analysis indicated the more pronounced enrichment of DEGs in molecular functions. KEGG metabolic pathway analysis revealed notable differences in enrichment pathways between the pairwise comparisons. The “plant hormone signal transduction” pathway exhibited enrichment in the two groups, followed by “plant–pathogen interaction” pathway in the organism system that was enriched in the three groups. In addition, the results for endogenous phytohormone metabolism pathways indicate a significant up-regulation in the expression of AUX1, while AHP and PP2C exhibited significant down-regulation. To sum up, we aimed at investigating the underlying mechanisms of P. yunnanensis seedling differentiation using phenotypic, transcriptomic, and endogenous phytohormone analyses. The results suggested that individual phytohormones have a limited capacity to regulate gene expression, and seedling differentiation results from the combined regulation of multiple hormones. In addition, several candidate genes associated with phytohormone biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways were identified, including AUX1, GH3, AHP, B-ARR, PP2C, etc., which provided candidate genes for the following hormone-related gene overexpression and knockout experiments. These findings provide insights into the molecular genetic control of seedling height growth of P. yunnanensis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous Phytohormone and Transcriptome Analysis Provided Insights into Seedling Height Growth of Pinus yunnanensis

Lu,

Wang,

Yang

et al. 2024

Forests

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Determination and Analysis of Endogenous Hormones and Cell Wall Composition between the Straight and Twisted Trunk Types of Pinus yunnanensis Franch

Li,

Xu,

Wang

et al. 2024

Forests

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Pinus yunnanensis Franch., one of the pioneer species of wild mountain afforestation in southwest China, plays an essential role in the economy, society and environment of Yunnan Province. Nonetheless, P. yunnanensis’ trunk twisting and bending phenomenon has become more common, which significantly restricts its use and economic benefits. In order to clarify the compositional differences between the straight and twisted trunk types of P. yunnanensis and to investigate the reasons for the formation of twisted stems, the present study was carried out to dissect the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the straight and twisted trunk types of P. yunnanensis, to determine the content of cell wall components (lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose), determine the content of endogenous hormones, and the expression validation of phytohormone-related differential genes (GA2OX, COI1, COI2) and cell wall-related genes (XTH16, TCH4). The results showed that the annual rings of twisted trunk types were unevenly distributed, eccentric growth, insignificant decomposition of early and late wood, rounding and widening of the tracheid cells, thickening of the cell wall, and reduction of the cavity diameter; the lignin and hemicellulose contents of twisted trunk types were higher; in twisted trunk types, the contents of gibberellin (GA) and jasmonic acid (JA) increased, and the content of auxin (IAA) was reduced; the GA2OX were significantly down-regulated in twisted trunk types, and the expressions of the genes associated with the cell wall, COI1, COI2, TCH4 and XTH16, were significantly up-regulated. In conclusion, the present study found that the uneven distribution of endogenous hormones may be an important factor leading to the formation of twisted trunk type of P. yunnanensis, which adds new discoveries to reveal the mechanism of the genesis of different trunk types in plants, and provides a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of forest trees.

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Comparative Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses of Differences in Trunk Spiral Grain in Pinus yunnanensis

Cited by 2 publications

References 75 publications

Endogenous Phytohormone and Transcriptome Analysis Provided Insights into Seedling Height Growth of Pinus yunnanensis

Endogenous Phytohormone and Transcriptome Analysis Provided Insights into Seedling Height Growth of Pinus yunnanensis

Determination and Analysis of Endogenous Hormones and Cell Wall Composition between the Straight and Twisted Trunk Types of Pinus yunnanensis Franch

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