Comparative tumor‐inhibitory and anti‐bacterial activity of soluble and particulate glucan

Luzio, N. R. Di; Williams, David L.; McNamee, Rose B.; Edwards, Brian F.P.; Kitahama, Akio

doi:10.1002/ijc.2910240613

Cited by 172 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Because the anti-tumor and anti-infective activities of ␤1,3-glucan (35,36) appear to be conformation-dependent, an analysis of ␤-glucanprotein interaction together with our structural information would be useful in the pharmaceutical field. From a diagnostic viewpoint, the presence of ␤-glucan in blood and sterile body fluid is a good marker because mammalian systems cannot produce it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Insights into Recognition of Triple-helical β-Glucans by an Insect Fungal Receptor

Kanagawa

Satoh

Ikeda

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The innate ability to detect pathogens is achieved by pattern recognition receptors, which recognize non-self-components such as ␤1,3-glucan. ␤1,3-Glucans form a triple-helical structure stabilized by interchain hydrogen bonds. ␤1,3-Glucan recognition protein (␤GRP)/Gram-negative bacteria-binding protein 3 (GNBP3), one of the pattern recognition receptors, binds to long, structured ␤1,3-glucan to initiate innate immune response. However, binding details and how specificity is achieved in such receptors remain important unresolved issues. We solved the crystal structures of the N-terminal ␤1,3-glucan recognition domain of ␤GRP/GNBP3 (␤GRP-N) in complex with the ␤1,3-linked glucose hexamer, laminarihexaose. In the crystals, three structured laminarihexaoses simultaneously interact through six glucose residues (two from each chain) with one ␤GRP-N. The spatial arrangement of the laminarihexaoses bound to ␤GRP-N is almost identical to that of a ␤1,3-glucan triple-helical structure. Therefore, our crystallographic structures together with site-directed mutagenesis data provide a structural basis for the unique recognition by such receptors of the triple-helical structure of ␤1,3-glucan.Carbohydrate polymers form a wonderful variety of shapes and architecture with their different glycosidic linkages and many hydrogen bonding possibilities, as exemplified by the glucose polymers, cellulose, amylose, and ␤-glucan (1). ␤-Glucan, mostly found in fungi and plant cell walls, is a polymer consisting of a backbone of ␤1,3-linked glucose units and side chains of ␤1,6-linked units of varying lengths. ␤1,3-Glucan assumes a triple-helical structure according to x-ray fiber diffraction (2), solid state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (3), multiangle laser light scattering (4), fluorescence resonance energy transfer spectroscopy (5), and molecular dynamics simulation (6). In a widely accepted hydrogen bonding model, one ␤1,3-glucan chain forms intramolecular hydrogen bonds with the other two strands, perpendicular to the axis of the triple helix (7).The ␤-glucan of pathogens is recognized as non-self by pattern recognition receptors in the host defense system (8 -11). Accumulating evidence suggests that the long triple-helical conformation of ␤-glucan is important for binding to certain ␤-glucan-binding receptors (7, 12). ␤1,3-Glucan recognition protein/Gram-negative bacteria-binding protein 3 (␤GRP/ GNBP3) 3 (13-15), a pattern recognition receptor of the innate immune system, binds triple-helical ␤-glucan strongly but has little affinity for denatured ␤-glucan or shorter ␤1,3-linked glucose oligomers (16,17). Furthermore, injection into the fly, Drosophila, of the alkali-insoluble fraction of the Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall, which includes long ␤1,3-glucans, strongly activates the antifungal Toll pathway (14), whereas short laminarioligosaccharides do not (16). To date, three-dimensional structures of the ligand-free ␤GRP/GNBP3 N-terminal domain were reported revealed by x-ray crystallography (16) and solution NMR...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Insights into Recognition of Triple-helical β-Glucans by an Insect Fungal Receptor

Kanagawa

Satoh

Ikeda

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…The ability of β-glucan to inhibit tumor growth in a variety of experimental tumor models is well established (di Luzio et al, 1979). Many of the scientific studies and published articles were done primarily in Japan.…”

Section: Oat and Celiac Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

A review on Oat (Avena sativa L.) as a dual-purpose crop

Ahmad¹,

Gul-Zaffar²,

Dar³

et al. 2014

Sci. Res. Essays

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The multifunctional uses of oats include forage, fodder, straw for bedding, hay, haylage, silage chaff, human food; most commonly, they are rolled or crushed into oatmeal, or ground into fine oat flour. Oatmeal is chiefly eaten as porridge, but may also be used in a variety of baked goods, such as oatcakes, oatmeal cookies, oat bread and raw material for food, health care and cosmetic products. The major components of oats that contribute to its function include β-glucan, protein, oil, and starch. The minor protein of oat is a prolamine, avenin. In addition there are minor components, including tocols and avenanthramides that have antioxidant properties and may contribute to human health and well being. Here we review the progress made in oats and highlight the potential and future prospects.

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“…Generally, biological activities induced by β-glucans have indicated the presence of immunomodulatory properties via stimulating effects on innate immune cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer cells, and on the production of cytokines (Di Luzio et al, 1979;Imura et al, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phagocytic Effects of β-Glucans from the Mushroom Coriolus versicolor are Related to Dectin-1, NOS, TNF-α Signaling in Macrophages

Jang¹,

Kang²,

Sohn³

2011

Biomolecules and Therapeutics

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Coriolus versicolor (known as "Yun Zhi"), a mushroom fungus of the Basidiomycetes family, has been used in Asia for the prevention of infectious diseases and in the United States as a dietary supplement for surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and rehabilitation (Kidd, 2000;Ho et al., 2005). These mushrooms contain biologically active polysaccharides, most of which belong to the β-glucan group. β-Glucans are naturally occurring (1→3)-β-D-linked polymer glucoses that are found in the cell walls of certain pathogenic bacteria, fungi, mushrooms, algae, and cereal grains (Williams et al., 1992;Muller et al., 1996) Different sources and types of β-glucans result in diverse physicochemical properties, such as solubility, primary structure, molecular weight, and branching. Interestingly, these variables in the β-glucan group can induce distinct biological activities, depending on their origins (Yadomae, 2000) such as antitumor effects (Ross, 2000) and anti-infective propThe mushroom Coriolus versicolor contains biologically active polysaccharides, most of which belong to the β-glucan group. Diverse physicochemical properties, due to different sources and isolated types of β-glucans, can induce distinct biological activities. We investigated the effects of β-glucans from C. versicolor on phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α production, and signaling of dectin-1, a well-known β-glucan receptor, in macrophages. β-Glucans increased phagocytic activity and TNF-α and NO-iNOS/eNOS production. Laminarin, a specifi c inhibitor of dectin-1, showed strong inhibitory effects on phagocytosis and subsequent TNF-α, iNOS, and eNOS production increased by β-glucans, indicating that β-glucans reacts with dectin-1 receptors. We examined whether the aforementioned cytokines were involved in the signaling pathway from the dectin-1 receptor to phagocytosis, and found that the inhibition of iNOS, eNOS, and TNF-α receptors signifi cantly decreased β-glucan-induced phagocytosis. In conclusion, our study showed that dectin-1 signaling, triggered by β-glucans, subsequently elicited TNF-α and NO-iNOS/eNOS production, and that these molecules seem to act as secondary molecules that cause eventual phagocytosis by macrophages. These fi ndings suggest that C. versicolor could be used as a nutritional medicine that may be useful in the treatment of infectious disease. Key

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Comparative tumor‐inhibitory and anti‐bacterial activity of soluble and particulate glucan

Cited by 172 publications

References 13 publications

Structural Insights into Recognition of Triple-helical β-Glucans by an Insect Fungal Receptor

Structural Insights into Recognition of Triple-helical β-Glucans by an Insect Fungal Receptor

A review on Oat (Avena sativa L.) as a dual-purpose crop

Phagocytic Effects of β-Glucans from the Mushroom Coriolus versicolor are Related to Dectin-1, NOS, TNF-α Signaling in Macrophages

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