Comparative Ultrastructural and Histochemical Studies of the Interstitial Cells of the Rat Testis During Fetal and Postnatal Development

Lording, Douglas; Kretser, D. M. De

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0290261

Cited by 222 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…FLCs are not uniformly distributed in the interstitial space of the GD21 testis but rather are found in discrete clusters (15); only 20 Ϯ 1% were present as single cell ( Table 2). The percentage of single cell decreased significantly from controls with DEHP exposures, and the average number of FLCs per cluster also was greater after DEHP (Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of testicular growth factors in fetal Leydig cell aggregation after exposure to phthalate in utero

Lin

Chen³

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

145

108

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Exposures to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) have been shown to be associated with decreased adult testosterone (T) levels and increased Leydig cell numbers. As yet, little is known about DEHP effects in utero on fetal Leydig cells (FLC). The present study investigated effects of DEHP on FLC function. Pregnant Long-Evans female rats received vehicle (corn oil) or DEHP at 10, 100, or 750 mg/kg by oral gavage from gestational day (GD)2-20. At GD21, T production, FLC numbers and distribution, and testicular gene expression were examined. The percentage of FLC clusters containing 6 -30 cells increased in all treatment groups, with 29 ؎ 2% in control vs. 37 ؎ 3, 35 ؎ 3, and 56 ؎ 4% in rats receiving 10, 100, and 750 mg/kg DEHP, respectively. In contrast, FLC numbers were 33% and 39% lower than control after exposures to 100 and 750 mg/kg DEHP, respectively. At these doses, mRNA levels of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) increased. LIF was found to induce cell aggregation in FLCs in vitro, consistent with the hypothesis that DEHP induced FLC aggregation. Testicular T levels were doubled by the 10 mg/kg dose and halved at 750 mg/kg. The mRNA levels of IGF-1 and c-Kit ligand (KITL) were induced by 10 mg/kg DEHP. These results, taken together, indicate that fetal exposures to DEHP have effects on FLC number, distribution, and most importantly, steroidogenic capacity and suggest that abnormal expressions of IGF1, KITL, and LIF genes may contribute to the reproductive toxicity of phthalates.di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ͉ testosterone ͉ reproduction ͉ endocrine disruptor ͉ steroidogenesis P hthalates, widely used as plasticizers and solvents, are commonly found in a variety of consumer products including cosmetics, toys, medical tubing, and catheters and in the environment as an industrial waste product. Increasing public concern over lack of regulation on their use in the United States, in contrast to the European Union and 14 other countries (1), has arisen in response to reports that exposures to phthalates may be linked to abnormal reproductive development in the human male (2, 3). Epidemiological studies show statistical correlations between serum concentrations of phthalate monoesters, the primary metabolites of phthalates, and the incidence of anomalies such as cryptorchidism and shortened anogenital distance (AGD) (4, 5). Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), the most abundant phthalate in the environment, has been shown to have adverse effects on androgen synthesis in the rodent (6).The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry reported that, although exposure to DEHP is generally low, the exposures of preterm infants can be as high as 10-20 mg per day (7). Controversy exists over whether DEHP, at the levels found in the environment, is harmful to humans, because most studies have been conducted in rodents administered high doses. In previous studies, we showed that the administration of low-dose (10 mg/kg body weight) DEHP for 28 days during pubertal development caused elevations in testosterone (T) (8, 9)....

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of testicular growth factors in fetal Leydig cell aggregation after exposure to phthalate in utero

Lin

Chen³

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

145

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…28 The developmental differentiation of fetal gonads is greatly influenced by these fetal sources of steroids. 29 The differentiation of the fetal gonads is controlled by the homeobox or Hox genes. 30 In particular, the posterior most Hox-d and Hox-a genes are strongly expressed in the urino-genital system including the gonads; however, these genes are also required for the growth and differentiation of digits and toes.…”

Section: -23mentioning

confidence: 99%

Second Digit Length, Fourth Digit Length and Second to Fourth Digit Ratio (2D:4D): Relevance in the Choice of Female Footballer Athletes and Female Non-Footballer Athletes in Nigeria

Sunday¹,

Chimbuoyim²,

Jervas³

et al. 2017

Anthropol Open J

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Several studies have shown the importance of anthropometric measurements as a veritable tool in forensic science, crime detection, as well as a means of studying variations in human populations. The present study focused on using digit lengths and ratio to determine sports skills. A total of 270 female subjects comprising of sports and non-sports participants were measured. Seventy of which were non-footballer athletes, 100 were footballer athletes, and 100 were nonsports participants. The second and fourth digits of their right and left hands were measured using a digital vernier caliper. The data obtained from the participants were analyzed by SPSS. Subjects who participated in football also possessed athletic skills, hence both have similar traits. This study has shown that athletic and football skills are similar, as the values obtained from the above parameters were not significant at p<0.05. The results showed that digit ratio is not a good tool for determining sport skills, as compared to digit lengths (2D and 4D). No difference was observed between the digit ratio of the sports participants and those of non-sports participants. Digit lengths (2D and 4D) were found to be significant determinants of sports, with sports groups showing significantly shorter digits. Therefore, the findings of this study suggest an association between digit lengths and sporting abilities.KEY WORDS: Football; Female footballer athletes; Female non-footballer athletes; Second to fourth digit ratio and Nigeria.

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“…The fetal population of Leydig cells differentiate during the fetal life and is still present at birth ( Figure 5) in all species studied to date (Lording and de Kretser, 1972;Mendis-Handagama et al, 1987;Kerr and Knell, 1988;Chemes, 1996;Ariyaratne and Mendis-Handagama, 2000;O'Shaughnessy et al, 2002O'Shaughnessy et al, , 2003 and continue to be present in the postnatal testis in rodents studied to date (Kerr and Knell, 1988;Ariyaratne and Mendis-Handagama, 2000;O'Shaughnessy et al, 2002O'Shaughnessy et al, , 2003. However, in humans, it is reported that fetal Leydig cells undergo cell atrophy postnatally (Chemes, 1996).…”

Section: Testis Interstitiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal-Prepubertal Hypothyroidism on Postnatal Testis Development

Mendis‐Handagama¹

2012

A New Look at Hypothyroidism

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Comparative Ultrastructural and Histochemical Studies of the Interstitial Cells of the Rat Testis During Fetal and Postnatal Development

Cited by 222 publications

References 18 publications

Involvement of testicular growth factors in fetal Leydig cell aggregation after exposure to phthalate in utero

Involvement of testicular growth factors in fetal Leydig cell aggregation after exposure to phthalate in utero

Second Digit Length, Fourth Digit Length and Second to Fourth Digit Ratio (2D:4D): Relevance in the Choice of Female Footballer Athletes and Female Non-Footballer Athletes in Nigeria

Neonatal-Prepubertal Hypothyroidism on Postnatal Testis Development

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