Comparative Water Use Characteristics of Six Row Crops

Hattendorf, M. J.; Redelfs, M. S.; Amos, Brigid; Stone, L. R.; Gwin, Roy E.

doi:10.2134/agronj1988.00021962008000010019x

Cited by 91 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…While crop rotations have been used extensively in many dryland systems, the most common crop grown under irrigation in western Kansas is corn (Kenny and Juracek, 2013), often in a CC system. While corn responds well to irrigation, it also requires substantial amounts of water to maximize production (Hattendorf et al, 1988;Howell et al, 1997;Stone et al, 1996;Tolk and Howell, 2001). On average, irrigated corn in Kansas received about 392 mm (ha) -1 of irrigation water in 2012 (Kansas Department of Agriculture, 2012).…”

Section: Core Ideasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limited Irrigation of Corn‐Based No‐Till Crop Rotations in West Central Great Plains

et al. 2016

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Identifying the most profitable crop rotation for an area is a continuous research challenge. The objective of this study was to evaluate 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐yr limited irrigation corn (Zea mays L.)‐based crop rotations for grain yield, available soil water, crop water productivity, and profitability in comparison with 1 yr continuous corn (CC). A field study was conducted from 2001 through 2010 on a deep silt loam soil near Tribune, KS. The study consisted of four crop rotations, that is, CC, corn–winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (C–W), corn–winter wheat–grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) (C–W–Gs), and corn–winter wheat–grain–sorghum–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (C–W–Gs–Sb) with irrigation limited to 254 mm annually. Grain yield of corn from the CC rotation was significantly lower, on average by 2.5 Mg ha−1, than corn yield from the other three rotations mainly due to difference in irrigation level. However, the mean yield of CC over one cycle of rotation [∼10.2 Mg (ha rotation‐cycle)−1] was significantly greater than mean corn equivalent grain yield of the other three rotations over one cycle of each rotation. Seasonal soil water usage from upper depths of the soil profile was significantly greater for CC. In this study, average crop water productivity [16.6 kg (mm ha)−1] and profitability of the CC rotation were also greater than in the other rotations. In selecting profitable rotations, producers should consider crop yield potential and value in addition to resilience.Core Ideas This research compares four corn‐based rotations from yield, resource use, and impact on environment which are crucial to cropping decision and consulting Second it addresses an area of limited water irrigation condition in which research outputs are rare. Dryland and irrigated conditions are relatively well covered, but cropping decision when there is resource which is more than dryland but less than full irrigation is not well addressed. This research result contributes to that. Third, this research is based on long‐term data that address yield of major crops (corn, wheat, sorghum, and soybean) and water use of these crops at every 30 cm of rooting depth. This information will continuously be used by researchers looking for such a data for modeling and other purposes.

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Section: Core Ideasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limited Irrigation of Corn‐Based No‐Till Crop Rotations in West Central Great Plains

et al. 2016

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“…The distribution of roots in the soil profile is an important factor in the availability of water and nutrients to plants (Kuchenbuch and Barber, 1987;Rasse and Smucker, 1998). Studies have shown that the superior performance of crops under dry-land conditions is attributed to their ability to extract a significant proportion of water from the deep soil layers (Hattendorf et al, 1988;Angadi and Entz, 2002). The patterns of soil water uptake and depletion are closely correlated with the distribution of root systems (Gardner, 1983;Clothier and Green, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root growth and soil water utilization of winter wheat in the North China Plain

Zhang

Pei

Chen

2004

Hydrological Processes

173

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Abstract:Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the major crop in the North China Plain (NCP). The monsoon climate in this region causes most rain to fall in the summer season, but during the winter-wheat growing season (October-May) the rainfall is far less than the water requirements for the crop. The efficiency of soil water use by winter wheat needs to be improved to reduce the need for irrigation. In this paper, we report the results of two seasons' work on soil water utilization, root growth and distribution, root water uptake by the crop under different irrigation treatments, and possible ways to improve soil water-use efficiency. The field experiments were carried out at Luancheng Station (37°53 0 N, 114°41 0 E) from 1996 to 1997 and 1998 to 1999, two growing seasons of winter wheat. Five treatments for each season: rain-fed and irrigated winter wheat with different irrigation numbers from 1 up to 4, were set up in a randomized plot design. Soil available water-holding capacity at the experimental site was about 454 mm for the top 2 m soil profile. Root sampling results showed that winter wheat had a prolific root system with an average maximum rooting depth of 2 m. Most of the root system was concentrated in the upper 40 cm of soil. Root length density in the top layer of soil (0-20 cm) was very high, with values over 5 cm cm 3 . The distribution of water uptake from the soil profile under high soil moisture conditions was the same as the distribution of root length density. The roots in the top layer of soil played an important role in soil water uptake. When root length density was less than 0Ð8 cm cm 3 , the root was the main factor limiting the complete utilization of soil water by crops. The scarcity of roots in the deep soil layers restricted the full utilization of soil water by the crops. Thus, at maturity, over 100 mm of available water remained in the root zone for the rain-fed treatment, although the upper layers had already entered water deficit. The crop took up 80% of the total available soil water in the treatment without irrigation in a dry season. For irrigated wheat, from 40 to 50% of crop water uptake was from the stored soil water. Available stored soil water played an important role in the higher production of wheat crops in the NCP. Effective measures to increase the utilization of stored soil water could improve crop performance under conditions of limited water supply. Results showed that deep tillage to break the soil pan improved root growth in the deeper soil layers, and sowing the crop evenly also enhanced water uptake from the top soil layer to compete with soil evaporation.

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“…At the plant level, WUE has been calculated as the ratio of biomass and transpiration in containergrown plants (Blanchet et al 1978;Briggs and Shantz 1914;Green and Read 1983;Morrison and Gifford 1984). Crop WUE has usually been reported in terms of biomass or yield per unit evapotranspiration (Connor et al 1985;Hattendorf et al 1988;Zaffaroni and Schneiter 1989). However, biomass per unit transpiration (i.e.…”

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confidence: 99%

Transpiration efficiency in crops of semi-dwarf and standard-height sunflower

Sadras

Whitfield²,

Connor

1991

Irrig Sci

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This paper compares transpiration efficiency (TE c = shoot biomass corrected by seed oil-synthesis cost/ transpiration per unit vapour pressure deficit) of standard-height and semi-dwarf sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) crops. Three irrigation regimes that differed in timing and amount of irrigation were applied. Transpiration was calculated as the difference between evapotranspiration (assessed by hydrological balance) and soil evaporation (measured using evaporimeters). Irrigation treatments and irrigation x cultivar interaction did not affect TE c. Across irrigation regimes, seasonal TEc was 4.70 and 3.64 g m-2 mm-1 kPa (P < 0.003) for the standard-height and semi-dwarf crops, respectively. Seasonal differences in TE c arose from differences during the post-anthesis period. The lower post-anthesis TEo of the semi-dwarf cultivar was related to a smaller radiation-use efficiency. Possible causes for the differences in post-anthesis radiation-use efficiency are discussed.

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Comparative Water Use Characteristics of Six Row Crops

Cited by 91 publications

References 3 publications

Limited Irrigation of Corn‐Based No‐Till Crop Rotations in West Central Great Plains

Limited Irrigation of Corn‐Based No‐Till Crop Rotations in West Central Great Plains

Root growth and soil water utilization of winter wheat in the North China Plain

Transpiration efficiency in crops of semi-dwarf and standard-height sunflower

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