Compared digestibility of plant protein isolates by using the INFOGEST digestion protocol

Santos-Hernández, Marta; Alfieri, Fábio Marcon; Gallo, Veronica; Miralles, Beatriz; Masi, Paolo; Romano, Annalisa; Ferranti, Pasquale; Recio, Isidra

doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109708

Cited by 96 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Similar to the results found in the gastric phase, visible differences were observed between intestinal digesta of dry and sprouted seeds in which higher intensities in bands with MWs <15 kDa could be seen. Similar observations were described by Santos-Hernández et al ( 2020 ) and Sousa et al ( 2020 ) who reported that the partial resistance of some legume proteins such as vicilin, provicilin, convicilin, lipoxygenase, legumin A, and legumin A2 during the gastric phase and an almost complete degradation at the end of the intestinal phase joined to the appearance of new electrophoretic bands below 15 kDa.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…By comparing the distribution of nitrogen fraction between dry and sprouted lentil and fava bean types, a positive effect of germination in protein digestibility was evident. Percentages of protein breakdown products in sprouted lentil and fava bean at the end of intestinal phase were higher compared to recently reported values for intestinal digests of garden pea, grass pea, soybean, and lentil (66-76% and 20-30% of soluble nitrogen are peptides and FAAs) (Santos-Hernández et al, 2020).…”

Section: Germination Favored Protein Digestion In Lentil and Fava Bean Seed Typescontrasting

confidence: 80%

“…A similar response was obtained for BL, DL, and ZF. Higher peptide solubilization and FAA release in the intestinal phase are typically observed with other legume protein isolates from garden pea, grass pea, soybean, and lentil submitted to the INFOGEST method (Santos-Hernández et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…These results suggested a more rapid digestion of proteins by pepsin in GZL, BL, DL, and ZF sprouted seeds. As it is well known that the hydrolysis of proteins by pepsin is very limited (Santos-Hernández et al, 2020 ), the higher protein hydrolysis in the gastric phase demonstrates the role of the germination process in “pre-digesting” proteins into smaller peptides and, eventually, leading to more digestible proteins in the gastric phase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…At 120 min of intestinal digestion (i lanes), most of the protein bands had fully disappeared and only those with MW under 15 kDa became more intense, which probably correspond to incomplete protein degradation products. Furthermore, new bands having MWs ∼24, 36, 38, and 52 kDa, also visible in the blank of digestion (blank of digestion (BLK) lane), might belong to digestive enzymes pepsin (36 kDa) and pancreatin (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)38,(51)(52)(53)(54) including trypsin, amylase, lipase, ribonuclease, and protease (Santos-Hernández et al, 2020). Similar to the results found in the gastric phase, visible differences were observed between intestinal digesta of dry and sprouted seeds in which higher intensities in bands with MWs <15 kDa could be seen.…”

Section: Germination Favored Protein Digestion In Lentil and Fava Bean Seed Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lentil and Fava Bean With Contrasting Germination Kinetics: A Focus on Digestion of Proteins and Bioactivity of Resistant Peptides

et al. 2021

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Germination offers advantages to improve legume protein digestibility as it disintegrates seed structure and hydrolyzes proteins and anti-nutrients. Seed permeability (related to polyphenol content of seed coats) is an important factor affecting the duration of seed germination and its impact on protein digestibility and bioactivity. The objective was to compare the effect of seed germination on protease activity, structure, and proteolysis of four selected legumes with contrasting seed coat polyphenol profiles (gray zero-tannin lentil [GZL], beluga lentil [BL], and dehulled red lentil [DL]; and zero tannin/low vicine–convicine fava bean [ZF]). Protein hydrolysis was characterized during germination and digestion with respect to proteins, peptides, and free amino acids (FAAs). In vitro antihypertensive and antioxidant activities of digests were investigated, and the peptidomic characterization [high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS)] and identification of bioactive fragments in intestinal digests were performed. Regardless of the seed type, germination increased protease activity and reduced the levels of phytic acid, trypsin inhibitors, and tannins (only in BL). A significant proteolysis of the 7S and 11S globulins and a concomitant increase of peptides and FAAs were observed in all sprouted legumes. Digestion kinetics in sprouts revealed a faster generation of FAAs and peptides than in dry seeds, with changes being more evident for DL, associated with a faster imbibition, germination, and sprout growth. In contrast, BL sprouts showed the lowest protein digestibility, likely due to a lower protease activity, seed structure disintegration, and higher anti-nutrient levels in comparison to GZL, DL, and ZF. Moreover, the digestion of sprouts resulted in a higher number of resistant peptides in DL and ZF that matched with previously reported bioactive sequences, suggesting a promising health potential of legume sprouts that was confirmed in vitro. The results suggested that the germination process improved protein digestibility and the health-promoting potential of lentil and fava bean proteins although these changes were more evident in DL due to its rapid imbibition, faster germination, and sprout development. This study will provide important information for either plant breeders to develop legume varieties with permeable seed coats or food producers that could use dehulled seeds for efficient production of sprouts as sustainable food sources of plant proteins with improved nutritional and healthy properties.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Germination Favored Protein Digestion In Lentil and Fava Bean Seed Typescontrasting

confidence: 80%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Germination Favored Protein Digestion In Lentil and Fava Bean Seed Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lentil and Fava Bean With Contrasting Germination Kinetics: A Focus on Digestion of Proteins and Bioactivity of Resistant Peptides

et al. 2021

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Plant‐Based Meat Alternatives Intake and Its Association With Health Status Among Vegetarians of the UK Biobank Volunteer Population

Navratilova,

Whetton,

Geifman

2024

Food Frontiers

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Consumption of plant‐based meat alternatives (PBMAs) within the vegetarian population is increasing. This study assessed the relationship between PBMA intake and health markers using the UK Biobank cohort. Participants were categorized into vegetarian PBMA consumers and vegetarian PBMA nonconsumers. Nonparametric statistical tests were used to evaluate differences in participants’ characteristics, food intake, and 30 blood biochemistry measures after assessing data distributions. Metabolomics (168 metabolites) and proteomics (2923 proteins) data were further examined to identify significant differences between the two participant groups. Relative risks (RRs) for 45 chronic diseases and mental conditions were calculated using Poisson regression. Sensitivity analysis accounted for sociodemographic factors, and the proportion of energy from ultra‐processed food (UPF) intake was determined. No substantial differences in sodium, free sugar, total sugar, or saturated fatty acids intake between vegetarian PBMA consumers and nonconsumers were found. However, PBMA consumers exhibited higher blood pressure (130/79 and 129/78 mmHg for consumer and nonconsumer groups, respectively) and elevated C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels (1.76 ± 3.12 and 1.57 ± 3.17 mg/L for consumer and nonconsumer groups, respectively). Metabolite and protein abundance analysis showed no notable differences. Pathway enrichment analysis suggested that PBMAs may influence immune reactions through cell signaling pathways. PBMA consumers had a 42% increased risk of depression (p = 0.03) and a 40% reduction in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) risk (p = 0.02), compared to nonconsumers. In conclusion, while no clear health risks or benefits were associated with PBMA consumption in vegetarians, the higher risk of depression, elevated CRP, and lower apolipoprotein A levels in PBMA consumers suggest potential inflammatory concerns that warrant further investigation.

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A novel multiple plant‐based milk alternative containing various preprocessed grains achieves better performance in protein digestibility and free amino acid profile via in vitro gastrointestinal digestion analysis

Wang,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Food Science & Nutrition

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Plant‐based milk alternatives are sustainable, hypoallergenic, and nutrient‐rich, but challenges related to their lower bioavailability compared with animal‐based milk still exist. In this study, we developed a multiple plant‐based milk alternative using germinated soybeans and fermented cereals, and compared the protein digestible behaviors with commercial soy and bovine milk via in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The multiple plant‐based milk alternative possessed a higher level of essential amino acids and amino acid scores than the soy milk and a smaller percentage of low‐molecular‐weight peptides than the bovine milk. It displayed better protein‐digestible responses with no apparent gastric coagulation. Moreover, the relatively larger particles in the multiple plant‐based milk alternative had few effects on protein digestibility, with the highest proteolytic degree and a better free amino acid profile. The findings suggest that the multiple plant‐based milk alternative presents higher protein digestibility behavior, and it could be a promising industrial plant‐based product.

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Compared digestibility of plant protein isolates by using the INFOGEST digestion protocol

Cited by 96 publications

References 42 publications

Lentil and Fava Bean With Contrasting Germination Kinetics: A Focus on Digestion of Proteins and Bioactivity of Resistant Peptides

Lentil and Fava Bean With Contrasting Germination Kinetics: A Focus on Digestion of Proteins and Bioactivity of Resistant Peptides

Plant‐Based Meat Alternatives Intake and Its Association With Health Status Among Vegetarians of the UK Biobank Volunteer Population

A novel multiple plant‐based milk alternative containing various preprocessed grains achieves better performance in protein digestibility and free amino acid profile via in vitro gastrointestinal digestion analysis

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