Compared extraction methods on the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and optimization of enzyme‐assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Gynura medica

Abstract

The effects of hot water extraction (HWE), enzyme‐assisted extraction (EAE), ultrasonic‐assisted extraction (UAE), and ultrasonic‐enzyme‐assisted extraction (UEAE) methods on the extraction yield, physicochemical properties, and antioxidant activities of Gynura medica polysaccharides (GMPs) were investigated. The GMPs extracted by four methods were designated GMPs‐H, GMPs‐E, GMPs‐U, and GMPs‐UE, respectively. Meanwhile, the EAE method was further optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that EAE and UEAE methods both markedly enhanced the yield of GMPs. Four kinds of GMPs possessed different physicochemical properties including molecular weight distributions and surface morphology. EAE had higher scavenging abilities for DPPH radical compared to other methods. The optimal conditions for GMPs were predicted to be cellulase amount of 155 (mg/g), extraction time of 48.4 min and pH of 7.9, with a predicted yield of 11.98%. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of polysaccharides was 12.03%, which matched the predicted value well. Practical applications Enzyme‐assisted extraction (EAE) is an environmentally friendly method that can be used to improve the extraction of active ingredients from various natural sources. Our results demonstrated that EAE could enhance the extraction yield of polysaccharides which was the most important active ingredient. In addition, Gynura medica polysaccharides possess good antioxidant activity, which means that Gynura medica polysaccharides may be a novel source of natural antioxidant in functional food.

Recent trends in extraction, purification, and antioxidant activity evaluation of plant leaf‐extract polysaccharides

“…At high temperatures, some of the reducing sugars may react with amino acids present in plant materials to produce complex compounds, which may interact with polysaccharides and cause them to degrade and thus reduce the extraction yield. Generally, in HWE, a material‐to‐liquid ratio of about 1:20 is used to concentrate the extract, and thermal degradation of polysaccharides can occur 27 . Other disadvantages of this method are a long extraction time and a large volume of ethanol (4–10 times) required to precipitate crude polysaccharides.…”

“…Generally, in HWE, a material-to-liquid ratio of about 1:20 is used to concentrate the extract, and thermal degradation of polysaccharides can occur. 27 Other disadvantages of this method are a long extraction time and a large volume of ethanol (4-10 times) required to precipitate crude polysaccharides. Previous studies suggested that HWE can only extract extracellular polysaccharides and cannot destroy the cell wall and plasma membrane of plant materials.…”

Ethanol/ammonium sulfate ultrasonic‐assisted liquid–liquid extraction of flavonoids from Tibetan Sea‐buckthorn fruit

“…Ultrasound-assisted extractions (UAEs) are applied for the isolation of many compounds such as flavonoids (Das et al, 2021;Valu et al, 2020), polysaccharides (Chen et al, 2020;Li et al, 2019), triterpenoids (Cheng et al, 2017), and alkaloids (Zuo et al, 2004)…”

“…Ultrasound‐assisted extractions (UAEs) are applied for the isolation of many compounds such as flavonoids (Das et al, 2021; Valu et al, 2020), polysaccharides (Chen et al, 2020; Li et al, 2019), triterpenoids (Cheng et al, 2017), and alkaloids (Zuo et al, 2004) from plant materials. Ultrasonic waves create intracellular cavities that disrupt plant cells and facilitate mass transfer by improving the velocity of solvent molecules.…”