Abstract:The evolution of impure rocksalt samples under irradiation has been investigated and compared to the evolution of pure halite, concerning the radiolytic release of gases. Four different types of rocksalt (pure halite, anhydrite-bearing, sylvinite-bearing, and marneous) have been irradiated with spent fuel at doses ranging from 10 4 Gy to 10 7 Gy, under synthetic air or helium at 50'C, 150'C, and 200'C. Marneous and anhydrite-bearing salt produced higher amounts of gas than the two other types, especially for H… Show more
“…All the H 2 yields for MgCl 2 ·2H 2 O are high, indicating the relative ease of this system to radiolytically decompose. Hydrogen yields are probably highly dependent on the presence and form of water on the salts, i.e., adsorbed, absorbed, water of hydration, or inclusion fluid and on the storage temperature of the nuclear material. , 3 Dose dependence of H 2 production in the radiolysis of MgCl 2 ·2H 2 O: (▪) γ-rays; (·) 5 MeV 4 He ions. The dashed lines show the low-dose limiting yields.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hydrogen yields are probably highly dependent on the presence and form of water on the salts, i.e., adsorbed, absorbed, water of hydration, or inclusion fluid and on the storage temperature of the nuclear material. 8,13 Cl 2 Production from Calcium Compounds. Previous results in the literature are inconclusive in showing the formation of Cl 2 in the radiolysis of chloride salts.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Very little information exists on the nature of the stable chemical products produced by the passage of ionizing radiation in solid chloride salts despite the importance of these materials in the storage of radioactive materials. Solid-state radiolytic effects such as the production of F, H, or V centers have long been examined in a number of chloride salts, especially NaCl. , A variety of studies have also been performed on salt brines, but as shown later there is very little relationship between the radiation chemistry of brine and a solid salt. − Pyrochemical processing of plutonium in chloride salt media has been proceeding for many decades. Significant amounts of plutonium-containing materials have accumulated that are often associated with large quantities of potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium chloride salts. − Salt content can be from about 8 to 20 wt %, depending on the degree of calcination.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1,2 A variety of studies have also been performed on salt brines, but as shown later there is very little relationship between the radiation chemistry of brine and a solid salt. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Pyrochemical processing of plutonium in chloride salt media has been proceeding for many decades. Significant amounts of plutoniumcontaining materials have accumulated that are often associated with large quantities of potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium chloride salts.…”
The production of H2 has been examined in the gamma-ray and 5 MeV He ion radiolysis of CaCl2.2H2O, CaCl2.6H2O, Ca(OH)2, MgCl2.2H2O, MgCl2.6H2O, and Mg(OH)2. The highest yield for the formation of H2 is observed in the gamma-radiolysis of MgCl2.2H2O (0.72 molecule/(100 eV), 75 nmol/J), but the yield decreases with dose due to the relative instability of the dihydrate. The H2 yields with the other compounds range from 0.04 to 0.2 molecule/(100 eV) (4.2-21 nmol/J), which is lower than that from pure water or 2 M chloride solutions. There appears to be no relationship between the results for H2 from waters of hydration with that from aqueous salt brines. No particular trend is observed in the radiation chemical yields of H2 with respect to the cation or the degree of hydration. The production of Cl2 is found only in the gamma-radiolysis of CaCl2 with a few weight percent of excess water. No Cl2 was found in the 5 MeV He ion radiolysis of identical systems. None of the other compounds examined here showed detectable amounts of Cl2 formation.
“…All the H 2 yields for MgCl 2 ·2H 2 O are high, indicating the relative ease of this system to radiolytically decompose. Hydrogen yields are probably highly dependent on the presence and form of water on the salts, i.e., adsorbed, absorbed, water of hydration, or inclusion fluid and on the storage temperature of the nuclear material. , 3 Dose dependence of H 2 production in the radiolysis of MgCl 2 ·2H 2 O: (▪) γ-rays; (·) 5 MeV 4 He ions. The dashed lines show the low-dose limiting yields.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hydrogen yields are probably highly dependent on the presence and form of water on the salts, i.e., adsorbed, absorbed, water of hydration, or inclusion fluid and on the storage temperature of the nuclear material. 8,13 Cl 2 Production from Calcium Compounds. Previous results in the literature are inconclusive in showing the formation of Cl 2 in the radiolysis of chloride salts.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Very little information exists on the nature of the stable chemical products produced by the passage of ionizing radiation in solid chloride salts despite the importance of these materials in the storage of radioactive materials. Solid-state radiolytic effects such as the production of F, H, or V centers have long been examined in a number of chloride salts, especially NaCl. , A variety of studies have also been performed on salt brines, but as shown later there is very little relationship between the radiation chemistry of brine and a solid salt. − Pyrochemical processing of plutonium in chloride salt media has been proceeding for many decades. Significant amounts of plutonium-containing materials have accumulated that are often associated with large quantities of potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium chloride salts. − Salt content can be from about 8 to 20 wt %, depending on the degree of calcination.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1,2 A variety of studies have also been performed on salt brines, but as shown later there is very little relationship between the radiation chemistry of brine and a solid salt. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Pyrochemical processing of plutonium in chloride salt media has been proceeding for many decades. Significant amounts of plutoniumcontaining materials have accumulated that are often associated with large quantities of potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium chloride salts.…”
The production of H2 has been examined in the gamma-ray and 5 MeV He ion radiolysis of CaCl2.2H2O, CaCl2.6H2O, Ca(OH)2, MgCl2.2H2O, MgCl2.6H2O, and Mg(OH)2. The highest yield for the formation of H2 is observed in the gamma-radiolysis of MgCl2.2H2O (0.72 molecule/(100 eV), 75 nmol/J), but the yield decreases with dose due to the relative instability of the dihydrate. The H2 yields with the other compounds range from 0.04 to 0.2 molecule/(100 eV) (4.2-21 nmol/J), which is lower than that from pure water or 2 M chloride solutions. There appears to be no relationship between the results for H2 from waters of hydration with that from aqueous salt brines. No particular trend is observed in the radiation chemical yields of H2 with respect to the cation or the degree of hydration. The production of Cl2 is found only in the gamma-radiolysis of CaCl2 with a few weight percent of excess water. No Cl2 was found in the 5 MeV He ion radiolysis of identical systems. None of the other compounds examined here showed detectable amounts of Cl2 formation.
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