Compared to a small, supervised lab experiment, a large, unsupervised web-based experiment on a previously unknown effect has benefits that outweigh its potential costs
“…Internet experiments could be in principle suspect to providing noisy data, but they have been shown to yield results that are as reliable as those observed in the laboratory if certain cautionary measures are taken (e.g., Kraut et al, 2004; Germine et al, 2012; Ryan et al, 2013). Most importantly for our present purposes, illusion of control effects have already been replicated both in the laboratory and through the Internet using associative learning procedures similar to the one we are using here (e.g., Matute et al, 2007; Blanco et al, 2013).…”
An illusion of control is said to occur when a person believes that he or she controls an outcome that is uncontrollable. Pathological gambling has often been related to an illusion of control, but the assessment of the illusion has generally used introspective methods in domain-specific (i.e., gambling) situations. The illusion of control of pathological gamblers, however, could be a more general problem, affecting other aspects of their daily life. Thus, we tested them using a standard associative learning task which is known to produce illusions of control in most people under certain conditions. The results showed that the illusion was significantly stronger in pathological gamblers than in a control undiagnosed sample. This suggests (1) that the experimental tasks used in basic associative learning research could be used to detect illusions of control in gamblers in a more indirect way, as compared to introspective and domain-specific questionnaires; and (2), that in addition to gambling-specific problems, pathological gamblers may have a higher-than-normal illusion of control in their daily life.
“…Internet experiments could be in principle suspect to providing noisy data, but they have been shown to yield results that are as reliable as those observed in the laboratory if certain cautionary measures are taken (e.g., Kraut et al, 2004; Germine et al, 2012; Ryan et al, 2013). Most importantly for our present purposes, illusion of control effects have already been replicated both in the laboratory and through the Internet using associative learning procedures similar to the one we are using here (e.g., Matute et al, 2007; Blanco et al, 2013).…”
An illusion of control is said to occur when a person believes that he or she controls an outcome that is uncontrollable. Pathological gambling has often been related to an illusion of control, but the assessment of the illusion has generally used introspective methods in domain-specific (i.e., gambling) situations. The illusion of control of pathological gamblers, however, could be a more general problem, affecting other aspects of their daily life. Thus, we tested them using a standard associative learning task which is known to produce illusions of control in most people under certain conditions. The results showed that the illusion was significantly stronger in pathological gamblers than in a control undiagnosed sample. This suggests (1) that the experimental tasks used in basic associative learning research could be used to detect illusions of control in gamblers in a more indirect way, as compared to introspective and domain-specific questionnaires; and (2), that in addition to gambling-specific problems, pathological gamblers may have a higher-than-normal illusion of control in their daily life.
“…In an online experiment, Ryan, Wilde, and Crist ( 2013 ) presented over 1300 participants with pictures of eight arthropods. For each arthropod, participants were asked to rate their hostility towards that arthropod, that is, “...the extent to which they either wanted to kill, or at least in some way get rid of, that particular insect” (p. 1297).…”
Section: Example 5: a Bayesian Two-way Repeated Measures Anova For Pementioning
confidence: 99%
“… Fig. 13 The arthropod stimuli used in Ryan and Wilde ( 2013 ). Each cell in the 2 × 2 repeated measures design contains two arthropods.…”
Section: Example 5: a Bayesian Two-way Repeated Measures Anova For Pementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Error bars show 95% confidence intervals. Data kindly provided by Ryan and Wilde ( 2013 ). Figure created with JASP …”
Section: Example 5: a Bayesian Two-way Repeated Measures Anova For Pementioning
Bayesian hypothesis testing presents an attractive alternative to p value hypothesis testing. Part I of this series outlined several advantages of Bayesian hypothesis testing, including the ability to quantify evidence and the ability to monitor and update this evidence as data come in, without the need to know the intention with which the data were collected. Despite these and other practical advantages, Bayesian hypothesis tests are still reported relatively rarely. An important impediment to the widespread adoption of Bayesian tests is arguably the lack of user-friendly software for the run-of-the-mill statistical problems that confront psychologists for the analysis of almost every experiment: the t-test, ANOVA, correlation, regression, and contingency tables. In Part II of this series we introduce JASP (http://www.jasp-stats.org), an open-source, cross-platform, user-friendly graphical software package that allows users to carry out Bayesian hypothesis tests for standard statistical problems. JASP is based in part on the Bayesian analyses implemented in Morey and Rouder’s BayesFactor package for R. Armed with JASP, the practical advantages of Bayesian hypothesis testing are only a mouse click away.
“…To achieve reliable data, we conducted an online experiment as online respondents feel more comfortable and are opportune to make decisions in a convenient, natural location and time (albeit within a specified period), thus making decisions that closely resemble their likely decisions under actual conditions. Due to the advantages of online experiments outweigh their disadvantages, online experiments are becoming increasingly popular [ 116 , 117 ].…”
There are two different concepts of corporate reputation grounded in individual and collective perceptions, respectively. The aim of this study was to identify how these two ways of conceiving of corporate reputation affect investors’ decisions about whether or not to buy stock in a given company. As this problem tackles individual decision-making processes, we designed and applied an incentivised economic experiment based on vignette studies and focused on individual decisions of single investors. Subjects took part in an online game that imitates stock exchange conditions and that concerns corporate reputation and investing. We found that the individual propensity to invest is not directly based on an investor’s perception (rooted in historical share price and other objective metrics) of a firm’s reputation but rather on an investor’s subjective recognition of collective corporate reputation in the market. This suggests a need to rethink the popular measures of corporate reputation in the context of studies of stock market investor decisions.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
