Compared to what? Estimating the relative concentration of crime at places using systematic and other reviews

Eck, John E.; Lee, YongJei; SooHyun, O; Martinez, Natalie N.

doi:10.1186/s40163-017-0070-4

Cited by 26 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This has led to the formulation of a law of crime concentration, which states that "for a defined measure of crime at a specific microgeographic unit, the concentration of crime will fall within a narrow bandwidth of percentages for a defined cumulative proportion of crime" (Weisburd 2015: 133). This proposition has since been the focus of several studies, and although a number of methodological concerns have been raised, the general proposition appears to hold true (Bernasco & Steenbeek 2017;Eck et al 2017;Levin et al 2017;Oliveira et al 2017;Haberman et al 2017;Gill et al 2017;Hipp & Kim 2017;Hibdon et al 2017).…”

Section: Geographically Targeted Policingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Quantifying the Geographical (Un)reliabilityof Police Data

Gerell

2018

Nordisk politiforskning

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Place-based policing has attracted a substantial amount of attention, not least in relation to hot spot policing. Such policing efforts depend on geographical analysis of where crime takes place. However, while it is well known that police crime data suffer from many limitations, less is known about the extent to which the geographical reliability of these data constitutes a problem. The present study attempts to quantify the extent of this problem by exploiting the fact that in Sweden there is an alternative, and more reliable, source of geographical data for incidents of arson. The study compares the locations for car arson incidents as recorded by the police and the rescue services, respectively. The resulting quantification of differences shows that the median error for the police data is 83 meters. This presents a potential pitfall for geographical analysis, both for researchers using police data and for the police themselves in their operational and strategic analysis of crime.

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Section: Geographically Targeted Policingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Quantifying the Geographical (Un)reliabilityof Police Data

Gerell

2018

Nordisk politiforskning

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“…This method has also been used in the context of crime (e.g. Tseloni and Pease 2005;Eck et al 2017;Lee et al 2017) to show that crime is not evenly distributed across (for example) households. However, as the data are ranked from the least to most at risk, this format of presentation is not particularly intuitive.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examining the degree to which crime concentrates at micro-places within cities has gained considerable research attention in the last 30 years, and reviews of the available evidence suggest that urban crime concentrates across a range of crime types, and at different spatial scales (Telep and Weisburd 2018;Eck et al 2017). For example, using a year-long record of emergency calls to the police in the city of Minneapolis (US), Sherman et al (1989) found that while around 60% of addresses in the city generated all emergency calls, just 3.5% produced 50% of them.…”

Section: Concentration Of Crime At Placementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Spatial Concentration of Urban Crime: An Insight from Nigeria

2020

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Objective Research demonstrates that crime is concentrated. This finding is so consistent that David Weisburd refers to this as the "law of crime concentration at place". However, most research on crime concentration has been conducted in the US or European cities and has used secondary data sources. In this study, we examine whether the law of crime concentration applies in the context of sub-Saharan Africa using primary data. Methods A crime victimization survey was used to collect data in the city of Kaduna (Nigeria). Using these data, the concentration of crime (breaking-and-entering and domestic theft) was examined at the household, street segment, and neighborhood levels. Specifically, variants of a Lorenz curve and the Gini index (GI) were used to examine whether crime concentrates at these different spatial scales and if such concentration reflects anything beyond the spatial distribution of opportunity for these types of offenses. Results Crime was found to concentrate at all spatial scales, and having accounted for expectation, given the distribution of opportunity, crime was most concentrated at the household level, closely followed by street segments. It was relatively less concentrated at the neighborhood level. Conclusion The current study extends previous research in a number of ways. It shows that the law of crime concentration at place applies in a very different context to most previous work. Unlike previous studies, we use primary data collected specifically to test the law, avoiding problems associated with the dark figure of crime. Moreover, the findings persist after accounting for crime opportunity.

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“…Future research should control for population size, violent crime rates, and socioeconomic characteristics of each state as these factors likely influence this relationship. Second, it is important to recall that Google Correlate data is only available at the aggregate, state-level thus it is difficult to apply theories that are best intended for application at the micro-level, such as the street-level (Eck et al 2017). Third, it is difficult to identify the motives of a searcher (Gamma et al 2016;Gross and Mann 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Searching for safety: crime prevention in the era of Google

et al. 2018

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This research investigated the association between Internet searches and property crime levels in the United States. States with the highest levels of property crime tended to have the highest levels of Google crime prevention queries for target hardening, surveillance, and formal and informal social control. In addition, levels of crime reduction were often greatest in states with more crime prevention queries and the magnitude of the reduction was often substantial. Findings from this research support the conceptualization of aggregated online crime prevention queries as a potential factor for understanding crime reduction strategies and overall changes in crime rate patterns at the state-level.

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Compared to what? Estimating the relative concentration of crime at places using systematic and other reviews

Cited by 26 publications

References 36 publications

Quantifying the Geographical (Un)reliabilityof Police Data

Quantifying the Geographical (Un)reliabilityof Police Data

Assessing the Spatial Concentration of Urban Crime: An Insight from Nigeria

Searching for safety: crime prevention in the era of Google

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