“…Among studies using the ANT to investigate the impact of bilingualism, improved monitoring and/or executive control network efficiency in bilinguals is commonly reported (Costa, Hernández, Costa-Faidella & Sebastián-Gallés, 2009;Costa et al, 2008;Novitskiy, Shtyrov & Myachykov, 2019;Pelham & Abrams, 2014;Sabourin & Vīnerte, 2019;Tao, Marzecová, Taft, Asanowicz & Wodniecka, 2011;Woumans, Ceuleers, Van der Linden, Szmalec & Duyck, 2015;Yang & Yang, 2016). To date, fewer studies have identified bilingual effects on alerting and orienting network function (Arora & Klein, 2020). In one seminal study (Costa et al, 2008), increased alerting network efficiency in bilinguals was thought to support monitoring and conflict resolution processes.…”