Comparing distance, time, and metabolic energy cost functions for walking accessibility in infrastructure-poor regions

Páez, Antonio; Anjum, Zoha; Dickson‐Anderson, Sarah; Schuster‐Wallace, Corinne J.; Ramos, Belén; Higgins, Christopher D.

doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102564

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…System-wide accessibility declines with higher values of δ : as more households are serviced, congestion grows and the level of service declines, although this happens at a declining rate. We are not aware of any research that explains how long people are expected to travel for food banks, but we note that in developing countries, accessible sources of drinking water are those that can be reached in less than 30 min (round trip, see UNICEF-WHO, 2019 ; Páez et al, 2020 ). There is no reason why people in affluent countries should be expected to spend more time travelling for a basic necessity such as food.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in accessibility to emergency and community food services during COVID-19 and implications for low income populations in Hamilton, Ontario

Higgins

Páez

Kim

et al. 2021

Social Science & Medicine

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In this paper we analyze the changes in accessibility to emergency and community food services before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the City of Hamilton, Ontario. Many of these food services are the last line of support for households facing food insecurity; as such, their relevance cannot be ignored in the midst of the economic upheaval caused by the pandemic. Our analysis is based on the application of balanced floating catchment areas and concentrates on households with lower incomes (

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in accessibility to emergency and community food services during COVID-19 and implications for low income populations in Hamilton, Ontario

Higgins

Páez

Kim

et al. 2021

Social Science & Medicine

Self Cite

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“…These edge areas were extracted in R using the 'Extent' function to select 1 km wide rectangular strips along the four edges of each sample unit [87]. Following this, using the 'spsample' function ('sp' package), random goal and origin points were generated within these 1 km long and 10 km wide strips [111][112][113]. Applying separate loops for north to south LCPs and east to west LCPs, this process was repeated 1000 times for each orientation and sample unit to obtain meaningful results (see S2 File for R code).…”

Section: Cost Of Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human movement and gully erosion: Investigating feedback mechanisms using Frequency Ratio and Least Cost Path analysis in Tigray, Ethiopia

et al. 2021

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The cost of human movement, whether expressed in time, effort, or distance, is a function of natural and human related variables. At the same time, human movement itself, whether on land, air or sea, causes environmental cost. We are looking into the long-term environmental relationship of this interplay. Gullies—linear landforms, which dissect the landscape—are considered to be a cost for human movement, as they can form unpassable barriers destroying present path networks. On the other hand, human movement creates pathways, which flatten the surface and decrease the water permeability potential. This process results in runoff generation and possibly gully erosion. Accordingly, the spatial relationship between pathways and gullies is investigated. In the Tigray region of the Northern Ethiopian Highlands, gullies and pathways were mapped using remote sensing data. Frequency Ratio was used for assessing pathways as a variable affecting the location of gullies while Least Cost Paths were tested to evaluate the possible constraining impact gullies have on mobility. Based on these results, it is concluded that a positive feedback exists between the cost of human movement and gully erosion. We further discuss possible effects gullies may have had on trade, territory, and political affairs in Tigray. Consequently, we suggest that movement cost and gullying may not only hold strictly environmental or movement-related implications, but also socio-cultural ones.

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“…Except for the representation of inaccessible areas (game reserves, large rivers, and dams), Tanser, Gijsbertsen, and Herbst [20] considered any other land use category equally. Paes et al who used Tobler's hiking for cost functions for walking accessibility in infrastructure-poor regions, conclude their article with the prospect of including horizontal costs: 'It would also be interesting to examine the impact on accessibility of different land cover types, including the presence of potential barriers that must be crossed or circumvented (e.g., wetlands) or facilitators to travel (e.g., dirt trails or tracks on the terrain)' [21] (p. 10). Most studies that have investigated the ease and difficulty to traverse various land cover classes have done so by coding each raster cell with values ranging from 1 to 5 representing the speed (in km/h) to traverse that pixel (e.g., [19]).…”

Section: Measuring Accessibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Prospective Methods to Identify Fieldwork Locations Favourable to Understanding Divergences in Health Care Accessibility

Rød

Eide

Halvorsen

et al. 2021

IJGI

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Central to this article is the issue of choosing sites for where a fieldwork could provide a better understanding of divergences in health care accessibility. Access to health care is critical to good health, but inhabitants may experience barriers to health care limiting their ability to obtain the care they need. Most inhabitants of low-income countries need to walk long distances along meandering paths to get to health care services. Individuals in Malawi responded to a survey with a battery of questions on perceived difficulties in accessing health care services. Using both vertical and horizontal impedance, we modelled walking time between household locations for the individuals in our sample and the health care centres they were using. The digital elevation model and Tobler’s hiking function were used to represent vertical impedance, while OpenStreetMap integrated with land cover map were used to represent horizontal impedance. Combining measures of walking time and perceived accessibility in Malawi, we used spatial statistics and found spatial clusters with substantial discrepancies in health care accessibility, which represented fieldwork locations favourable for providing a better understanding of barriers to health access.

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Comparing distance, time, and metabolic energy cost functions for walking accessibility in infrastructure-poor regions

Cited by 27 publications

References 49 publications

Changes in accessibility to emergency and community food services during COVID-19 and implications for low income populations in Hamilton, Ontario

Changes in accessibility to emergency and community food services during COVID-19 and implications for low income populations in Hamilton, Ontario

Human movement and gully erosion: Investigating feedback mechanisms using Frequency Ratio and Least Cost Path analysis in Tigray, Ethiopia

Using Prospective Methods to Identify Fieldwork Locations Favourable to Understanding Divergences in Health Care Accessibility

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