Comparing Four Question Formats in Five Languages for On-Line Consumer Surveys

Seninde, Denis Richard; Chambers, Edgar

doi:10.3390/mps3030049

Cited by 6 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…An eating motivation survey (EMS) which included questions on consumers’ motivations for eating or not eating food items that belong to five food groups was used for this online study [ 1 , 7 ]. The questionnaires were randomly assigned to respondents in either the RATA or RATING formats but not both (each respondent saw only one format).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The questionnaires were randomly assigned to respondents in either the RATA or RATING formats but not both (each respondent saw only one format). A total of 47 positive motivation terms that could be categorized into 16 eating motivation constructs were assessed in each question format of the EMS [ 1 , 7 ]. Each eating motivation construct consisted of three terms or subscales except for the choice limitation construct that had only two terms.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In quantitative consumer research, several question formats are used to collect respondents’ product descriptions and perceptions, opinions, beliefs and attitudes (POBAs). Questionnaires for consumer studies (e.g., online surveys, central location tests, and home-use tests) may include the highly popular Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], or Check-All-Statements (CAS) [ 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 ], or RATING questions [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ], or the Rate-All-That-Apply (RATA) questions [ 3 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Rate-All-Statements (RAS) or simply the RATING question format uses intensity, or degree, scales to rate consumers’ responses for each attribute or term in relation to the particular product(s) that are being investigated [ 7 , 9 ]. Cognitive psychologists and other consumer researchers have for over five decades considered the RATING question format as the gold standard for measuring the intensity or degree of importance or applicability of product attributes [ 8 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing the Rate-All-That-Apply and Rate-All-Statements Question Formats across Five Countries

Seninde

Chambers

2021

Foods

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Rate All That Apply (RATA) is a derivative of the popularly used Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) question format. For RATA, consumers select all terms or statements that apply from a given list and then continue to rate those selected based on how much they apply. With Rate All Statements (RATING), a widely used standard format for testing, consumers are asked to rate all terms or statements according to how much they apply. Little is known of how the RATA and RATING question formats compare in terms of aspects such as attribute discrimination and sample differentiation. An online survey using either a RATA or RATING question format was conducted in five countries (Brazil, China, India, Spain, and the USA). Each respondent was randomly assigned one of the two question formats (n = 200 per country per format). Motivations for eating items that belong to five food groups (starch-rich, protein-rich, dairy, fruits and vegetables, and desserts) were assessed. More “apply” responses were found for all eating motivation constructs within RATING data than RATA data. Additionally, the standard indices showed that RATING discriminated more among motivations than RATA. Further, the RATING question format showed better discrimination ability among samples for all motivation constructs than RATA within all five countries. Generally, mean scores for motivations were higher when RATA was used, suggesting that consumers who might choose low numbers in the RATING method decide not to check the term in RATA. More investigation into the validity of RATA and RATING data is needed before use of either question format over the other can be recommended.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing the Rate-All-That-Apply and Rate-All-Statements Question Formats across Five Countries

Seninde

Chambers

2021

Foods

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“…The survey was pretested in English to ensure consumers could easily complete the task and then translated into the languages of the participating countries using a modified translation, review, adjudication, retesting, and documentation (TRAPD) approach [30,31] described by Seninde and Chambers IV [32], which includes a pretesting step in each country. The translations were done for Mandarin Chinese, Spanish, Portuguese and Hindi, and the logo also was translated to those languages.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Consumers Perceive Water Sustainability (HydroSOStainable) in Food Products and How to Identify It by a Logo

et al. 2020

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Water is the most essential resource for food production and socioeconomic development worldwide. Currently, industry and agriculture are the most water consuming activities, creating high levels of pollution, and intensifying the scarcity of water especially in arid regions. The term “hydroSOStainable products” has been used to define those foodstuffs grown under irrigation strategies that involve optimized water management. A study to understand how consumers perceive options to save water in the food chain and how to identify the water sustainable products by a logo, was conducted in Brazil, China, India, Mexico, Spain and USA, with 600 consumers per country. In all countries, consumers think that the food categories in which it is possible to save the most water are those linked directly to agricultural products: (i) “grains and grain products” and (ii) “vegetables, nuts and beans”. Also, consumers do not associate processed products, such as snacks, with high water consumption, even though they come from agricultural products such as grains and require more processing. The logo was positively rated by consumers, especially by young generations. There is a need to properly inform consumers about water sustainability to gain their confidence in the hydroSOS logo.

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