Comparing houses of representatives: parliamentary recruitment in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico

Santos, André Flores dos

doi:10.1590/s1518-44712006000200004

“…Rather surprisingly, we were only able to find eight internationally comparative studies (Somit et al. ; Gallagher ; Karvonen ; Matland & Studlar ; Dos Santos ; Crowther & Matonyte ; Kuklys ; Verzichelli ), two of which are on post‐Soviet democracies (Crowther & Matonyte ; Kuklys ) and one conference paper on Europe since 1990 (Verzichelli ).…”

Section: Empirical Gaps and Theoretical Challengesmentioning

confidence: 85%

Determinants of legislative turnover in Western Europe, 1945–2015

Gouglas

¹

,

Maddens

²

,

Brans

³

2017

European J Political Res

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This article explains legislative turnover in eight West European legislatures over 152 general elections in the period 1945–2015. Turnover is measured as the rate of individual membership change in unicameral or lower chambers. It is the outcome of a legislative recruitment process with a supply and a demand side. Decisions made by contenders affect supply, while decisions made by parties and voters influence demand. Such decisions are shaped by four political and institutional factors: the institutional context of political careers, or structure of political career opportunities; political party characteristics; electoral swings; and electoral systems. Ten specific hypotheses are tested within this theoretical framework. The structure of political career opportunities is the most decisive factor explaining variability in turnover rates, followed by electoral swings and political parties. Electoral systems show less substantive effects. Electoral volatility is the predictor with the most substantive effects, followed by duration of legislative term, strength of bicameralism, regional authority, gender quotas, level of legislative income and district magnitude.

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“…Thus, most of the research on turnover has focused on either the United States (e.g., Moncrief, Niemi, Powell 2004;Squire 1988;Woods, Baranowski 2006), individual Western European countries (Manow 2007;Heinsohn, Freitag 2012;Kountouri 2018;Salvati, Vercesi 2018), or individual countries outside Europe (Altman, Chasquetti 2005;Kerby, Blidook 2011;Pereira, Rennó 2013;Buehler, Nataatmadja 2019). The few previous comparative controlled studies have considered either Western European and other advanced democracies (Somit et al 1994;Matland, Studlar 2004;Gouglas, Maddens, Brans 2018;Verzichelli 2019), or some of the Latin American countries (Marenco dos Santos 2006;Botero, Rennó 2007). Only a handful of such studies have taken into account East European countries (Crowther, Matonyte 2007;Kuklys 2013;Verzichelli 2019).…”

Section: Elites Democracy and Civil Society In Central And Eastern Eu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rule of Law in Authoritarian State and the Program of Universal Privatization: How the Gdańsk Liberals Saw the Agreement with the Communists on the Eve of Polish Transformation

Śpiewak

2024

Elites of Post-Transformation. The Cases of Central and Eastern European Countries

0

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This chapter draws attention to the problem of the elite's change in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries after 1989 and underlines its importance nowadays. The authors point out that the systemic transformation was an elite-driven process. Elites were significant agents of control. The text describes different models of elite exchange in CEE countries. In some of them, post-communist elites remained influential. In others, opposition elites seemed to play a dominant role. However, even in the latter case, tensions between different factions of the democratic elite could not have been avoided. They influence the public spheres and policies in each country. It is clear that the process of replacement at the time seemed imperfect and incomplete. The authors posit the question (which is also the main theme of the volume) whether we are dealing with circulation or reproduction when it comes to populist elites. The populists' effort lay in presenting their road to power as circulation. At least in some cases, however, this can be understood as reproduction since the current members of the elite were already in power. These efforts are accompanied by a strong anti-elitism that aims to blur or even conceal the elitist positions of the contemporary power elites. The final sections of the chapter outline the aim and content of the presented volume.

show abstract

“…Thus, most of the research on turnover has focused on either the United States (e.g., Moncrief, Niemi, Powell 2004;Squire 1988;Woods, Baranowski 2006), individual Western European countries (Manow 2007;Heinsohn, Freitag 2012;Kountouri 2018;Salvati, Vercesi 2018), or individual countries outside Europe (Altman, Chasquetti 2005;Kerby, Blidook 2011;Pereira, Rennó 2013;Buehler, Nataatmadja 2019). The few previous comparative controlled studies have considered either Western European and other advanced democracies (Somit et al 1994;Matland, Studlar 2004;Gouglas, Maddens, Brans 2018;Verzichelli 2019), or some of the Latin American countries (Marenco dos Santos 2006;Botero, Rennó 2007). Only a handful of such studies have taken into account East European countries (Crowther, Matonyte 2007;Kuklys 2013;Verzichelli 2019).…”

Section: Elites Democracy and Civil Society In Central And Eastern Eu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Elites of Post-Transformation. The Cases of Central and Eastern European Countries

2024

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This chapter draws attention to the problem of the elite's change in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries after 1989 and underlines its importance nowadays. The authors point out that the systemic transformation was an elite-driven process. Elites were significant agents of control. The text describes different models of elite exchange in CEE countries. In some of them, post-communist elites remained influential. In others, opposition elites seemed to play a dominant role. However, even in the latter case, tensions between different factions of the democratic elite could not have been avoided. They influence the public spheres and policies in each country. It is clear that the process of replacement at the time seemed imperfect and incomplete. The authors posit the question (which is also the main theme of the volume) whether we are dealing with circulation or reproduction when it comes to populist elites. The populists' effort lay in presenting their road to power as circulation. At least in some cases, however, this can be understood as reproduction since the current members of the elite were already in power. These efforts are accompanied by a strong anti-elitism that aims to blur or even conceal the elitist positions of the contemporary power elites. The final sections of the chapter outline the aim and content of the presented volume.

show abstract

Comparing houses of representatives: parliamentary recruitment in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Determinants of legislative turnover in Western Europe, 1945–2015

Determinants of legislative turnover in Western Europe, 1945–2015

The Rule of Law in Authoritarian State and the Program of Universal Privatization: How the Gdańsk Liberals Saw the Agreement with the Communists on the Eve of Polish Transformation

Elites of Post-Transformation. The Cases of Central and Eastern European Countries

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