Comparing impulsivity in borderline personality, schizophrenia and obsessional‐compulsive disorders: Who is ahead?

Martin, Sylvia; Graziani, Pierluigi; Del-Monte, Jonathan

doi:10.1002/jclp.23129

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“… Note : < or > = cohen’s d higher than .25; < or > = cohen’s d lower then. 25, Non clinical sample: n = 201, Clinical sample: n = 68, AQ12 scores extracted from Vitoratou et al [ 50 ], Hopelessness scale scores extracted from Szabó et al [ 51 ], UPPS scores extracted from Martin et al [ 52 ]; Hads scores extracted from Crawford et al [ 53 ] and Spinhoven et al [ 54 ]; Sbqr scores extracted from Osman et al [ 42 ] and Au et al [ 55 ]; + : above pathological sthresolds …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric and non-psychiatric population vulnerabilities in time of a crisis: the unsuspected aggression factor

Martin

Oltra²,

Monte

2023

BMC Psychiatry

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Objectives In March 2020, France faced a health crisis due to the COVID-19 outbreak that, like previous infectious disease crises, involved high psychological and emotional stress, a series of factors that influenced the ongoing mental health crisis. Methods We recruited 384 respondents to complete an online questionnaire during the second month of isolation: 176 psychotherapy recipients (68 were currently attending psychiatric care) and 208 healthy controls. We measured demographic characteristics, impulsivity, aggression, hopelessness, suicidal risk, and the global level of anxiety and depression in order to estimate potential discrepancies in clinical measures across these populations. Results Our results indicate that the group currently undergoing psychiatric care was prone to loneliness and social isolation. Regarding clinical and nonclinical population, there were differences in suicidal risk, depression, anxiety, and hopelessness but mainly in aggression. Regression analysis also demonstrated that aggression surprisingly influenced anxiety levels. Patients undergoing therapy compared with patients who were not displayed differences only in suicidal risk, anxiety, and hopelessness, with those undergoing therapy having higher scores. The outpatient group undergoing therapy had a significantly lower level of impulsivity. Moreover, the regression to predict anxiety and depression levels from correlated factors highlighted the potentially heightened role of aggression in predicting anxiety in the clinical group. Conclusion New research into stress reactions should assess other clinical signals, such as aggression, and examine preventive mental health interventions in times of crisis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric and non-psychiatric population vulnerabilities in time of a crisis: the unsuspected aggression factor

Martin

Oltra²,

Monte

2023

BMC Psychiatry

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“…This result is consistent with the literature as impulsivity is one of the core symptoms of BPD. 18,[22][23][24] This result may suggest that people with high trait impulsivity are more likely to have increased symptom severity. It is interesting to note that a previous study examined the factor structure of BPD symptoms and found a 'high severity' subtype, which was associated with high impulsivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Impulsivity is regarded as a key hallmark of BPD 22,23 and is implicated across a range of disorders such as ADHD and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) but may be particularly pertinent to BPD given the nature of the symptoms and prior work suggesting correlations with symptom severity in BPD. 18,[24][25][26] Impulsivity in BPD has been linked to cognitive impairments, including set-shifting deficits, which refer to the ability to switch between tasks or mental sets. Impairment in set-shifting is considered another hallmark of BPD and has been associated with increased impulsiveness, emotional dysregulation, and difficulties in forming and maintaining stable relationships.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognition in adults with borderline personality disorder

2023

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Objective Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common and disabling mental health disorder and has detrimental effects on affected individuals across multiple domains. We aimed to investigate whether individuals with BPD differ from control subjects in terms of cognitive functions, and to see if there is a relationship between cognitive functions, impulsivity, and BPD symptom severity. Methods BPD individuals (n = 26; mean age = 26.7; 69.2% female) and controls (n = 58; mean age = 25.3; 51.7% female) were enrolled. Intra/Extra-Dimensional Set Shift (IED) and One Touch Stockings of Cambridge (OTS) tasks from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) were used to assess cognitive functions. Barratt Impulsivity Scale-version 11 (BIS−11) was administered to measure impulsivity and both the Zanarini Scale for Borderline Personality Disorder self-report and the clinician-administered versions were used to assess BPD symptom severity. Results BPD group showed significantly impaired cognitive performance on the IED task versus controls, but there was not a significant difference in the OTS task. BPD symptom severity was positively correlated with trait (BIS-11) impulsivity and no correlation was found between BPD symptom severity and cognitive functions. Conclusions This study suggests people with BPD experience impaired cognitive flexibility and heightened impulsivity. Only impulsivity appeared to be directly related to symptom severity, perhaps indicating that cognitive inflexibility could be a vulnerability marker. Future research should focus on a longitudinal approach to extend clinical and theoretical knowledge in this area.

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Investigating Trait Impulsivity in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Scoping Review

Banwell,

Scheffler,

Lochner

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background/Aims: While obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is specifically characterised by compulsivity, considerable literature suggests impulsivity also plays an important role in the disorder. However, impulsivity is a multi-faceted construct and the exact relationship of trait impulsivity to OCD remains unclear. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to collate and review studies of trait impulsivity in OCD by an investigation of: 1. How trait impulsivity in OCD is measured in the research literature; 2. How people with OCD perform on these measures and compare to healthy and other psychiatric groups; and 3. What correlations with trait impulsivity are observed in OCD. Methods: This study was pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023481781). Electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases using keywords '(impuls*) AND (OCD)' was undertaken without date restrictions for peer-reviewed articles available in English. After exclusion of duplicates and screening of 1476 abstracts, 114 articles were identified for full-text review. Results: 54 articles were reviewed after excluding studies assessing neurocognitive impulsivity only (i.e. no inclusion of trait impulsivity), sub-clinical OCD symptoms, and review articles. The literature reports cross-sectional clinician-rated and self-rated trait impulsivity data, with the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS) being used most frequently. Broadly, people with OCD scored higher than healthy controls on at least one aspect of trait impulsivity. However, comparisons of OCD groups to other psychiatric groups demonstrated equal or lower trait impulsivity in OCD. Individuals with OCD with comorbid diagnoses (ADHD, behavioural addictions, tic disorder, borderline personality disorder, bipolar disorder) had relatively higher levels of trait impulsivity than those without. In OCD, trait impulsivity scores were associated with various psychiatric symptomatology (OCD severity, anxiety, depression, compulsivity, hoarding levels, behavioural addictions, anhedonia, aggressive and sexual impulses). Trait impulsivity did not correlate with neurocognitive measures of impulsivity. Conclusions: Key findings are that trait impulsivity research in OCD was predominantly observational, with cross-sectional studies using the BIS. While higher levels of trait impulsivity were seen in patients with OCD compared to healthy controls, this finding was not specific to OCD. OCD demonstrated equal or lower trait impulsivity than other psychiatric groups that the literature had examined to date; trait impulsivity in OCD was positively correlated with a number of psychiatric factors; and neurocognitive measures of impulsivity did not correlate with trait impulsivity. Future work on OCD should include interventional and neuroimaging methods that utilise several different measures of impulsivity. Keywords: Obsessive-compulsive disorder; OCD; impulsivity; trait impulsivity

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Comparing impulsivity in borderline personality, schizophrenia and obsessional‐compulsive disorders: Who is ahead?

Cited by 5 publications

References 76 publications

Psychiatric and non-psychiatric population vulnerabilities in time of a crisis: the unsuspected aggression factor

Psychiatric and non-psychiatric population vulnerabilities in time of a crisis: the unsuspected aggression factor

Cognition in adults with borderline personality disorder

Investigating Trait Impulsivity in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Scoping Review

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