Comparing maternal styles in bonobos (<i>Pan paniscus</i>) and chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>)

Lathouwers, Mieke De; Elsacker, Linda Van

doi:10.1002/ajp.20089

Cited by 35 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This complexity is evident in their high fission-fusion dynamics (Campbell and Fiske 1959;Wrangham 1975) as well as in other aspects of their social dynamics such as hierarchy (Newton-Fisher 2004), sociosexual interactions (Gomes and Boesch 2009;Stumpf and Boesch 2010), mother-infant relationships (de Lathouwers and van Elsacker 2004;Hirata 2009), play behavior (Cordoni and Palagi 2011;Palagi 2007), and grooming (Nakamura 2003). Infants and juveniles learn species-typical behaviors, including foraging skills, tool use, and cultural traditions (McGrew 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Rehabilitation and Socialization of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Used for Entertainment and as Pets: An 8-Year Study at Fundació Mona

et al. 2015

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Abstracts Primates are at times used as performers in circuses, advertisements, films, and as pets. Most of these animals are socially isolated from their peers. They exhibit behavioral problems and lack important skills for living in a group environment. One of the main challenges primate rescue centers face is creating groups to socialize rescued individuals and promote the development of species-typical behaviors. We monitored a group of 15 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) housed at Fundació Mona, a primate rescue and rehabilitation centre, for 8 yr. The aim of the study was to study the rehabilitation process and to establish variables that may influence the behavioral recovery of the chimpanzees. We used scan sampling to assess behavior and two welfare indices over the study period. Our results show that both desirable behaviors and welfare indices increased over time, while nondesirable behaviors decreased. We found no differences between pet and performer chimpanzees, but captive-born subjects recovered better than wild-born. We also established that chimpanzees that were younger at the onset of rehabilitation reached higher levels of social and behavioral competence than those that were older. We conclude that both social group housing and opportunities for the development of species-typical behaviors have a positive effect on the welfare and rehabilitation of performer and pet chimpanzees, but that their previous history influences rehabilitation. Int J Primatol

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Rehabilitation and Socialization of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Used for Entertainment and as Pets: An 8-Year Study at Fundació Mona

et al. 2015

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“…Both studies also reported a third factor labeled Independence/Warmth, which consisted of maternal grooming, cradling, nursing and contact with the infant. Although the challenge of PCA techniques is that they are data-driven and therefore, study-specific, further support for the existence of Rejecting and Protective maternal styles followed in additional reports of rhesus macaques [Berman, 1990; Maestripieri, Higley, Lindell, Newman, McCormack, & Sanchez, 2006; McCormack et al, 2006], and bonobos [deLathouwers & van Elsacker, 2004]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of an instrument to measure global dimensions of maternal care in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

McCormack

Howell

Guzman

et al. 2014

American J Primatol

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One of the strongest predictors of healthy child development is the quality of maternal care. Although many measures of observation and self-report exist in humans to assess global aspects of maternal care, such qualitative measures are lacking in nonhuman primates. In this study we developed an instrument to measure global aspects of maternal care in rhesus monkeys, with the goal of complementing the individual behavioral data collected using a well-established rhesus macaque ethogram during the first months postpartum. The 22 items of the instrument were adapted from human maternal sensitivity assessments and a maternal Q-sort instrument already published for macaques. The 22 items formed four dimensions with high levels of internal reliability that represented major constructs of maternal care: 1) Sensitivity/Responsivity, 2) Protectiveness, 3) Permissiveness, and 4) Irritability. These dimensions yielded high construct validity when correlated with mother-infant frequency and duration behavior that was collected from focal observations across the first three postnatal months. In addition, comparisons of two groups of mothers (Maltreating versus Competent mothers), showed significant differences across the dimensions suggesting that this instrument has strong concurrent validity, even after controlling for focal observation variables that have been previously shown to significantly differentiate these groups. Our findings suggest that this Instrument of Macaque Maternal Care (IMMC) has the potential to capture global aspects of the mother-infant relationship that complement individual behaviors collected through focal observations.

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“…In contrast with reports from the wild, active rejection by bonobo mothers does occur in captivity. Bonobo mothers even reject their infants more than chimpanzee mothers (De Lathouwers and Van Elsacker 2004), which may correspond with the general higher Hence, our results seem to indicate that the weaning period itself seems more stressful for chimpanzee infants when being compared to the distress levels of younger un-weaned conspecifics and bonobos. More detailed analyses are needed to confirm whether the weaning bouts are indeed accompanied with simultaneous higher distress levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Comparing infant and juvenile behavior in bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): a preliminary study

Lathouwers

Elsacker

2006

Primates

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The dichotomy between the two Pan species, the bonobo (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) has been strongly emphasized until very recently. Given that most studies were primarily based on adult individuals, we shifted the "continuity versus discontinuity" discussion to the infant and juvenile stage. Our aim was to test quantitatively, some conflicting statements made in literature considering species differences between immature bonobos and chimpanzees. On one hand it is suggested that infant bonobos show retardation in motor and social development when compared with chimpanzees. Additionally it is expected that the weaning process is more traumatic to chimpanzee than bonobo infants. But on the other hand the development of behaviors is expected to be very similar in both species. We observed eight mother-infant pairs of each species in several European zoos. Our preliminary research partially confirms that immature chimpanzees seem spatially more independent, spending more time at a larger distance from their mother than immature bonobos. However, the other data do not seem to support the hypothesis that bonobo infants show retardation of motor or social development. The development of solitary play, environmental exploration, social play, non-copulatory mounts and aggressive interactions do not differ between the species. Bonobo infants in general even groom other group members more than chimpanzee infants. We also found that older bonobo infants have more nipple contact than same aged chimpanzees and that the weaning process seems to end later for bonobos than for immature chimpanzee. Additionally, although immature bonobos show in general more signs of distress, our data suggest that the weaning period itself is more traumatic for chimpanzees.

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Comparing maternal styles in bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Cited by 35 publications

References 40 publications

Rehabilitation and Socialization of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Used for Entertainment and as Pets: An 8-Year Study at Fundació Mona

Rehabilitation and Socialization of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Used for Entertainment and as Pets: An 8-Year Study at Fundació Mona

The development of an instrument to measure global dimensions of maternal care in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Comparing infant and juvenile behavior in bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): a preliminary study

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