Comparing microfiltration-reverse osmosis and soil-aquifer treatment for indirect potable reuse of water

The forward osmosis membrane bioreactor: A low fouling alternative to MBR processes

“…For removal only by the FO membrane, both the TOC and NH 4 + -N rejections are comparable to published results for semi-permeable membranes [17,21]. For the OsMBR process (bioreactor and FO membrane), the TOC and NH 4 + -N removals are substantially higher than those obtained in conventional MBRs, where removals up to 95% are typical [2].…”

Cross-connection detection in Australian dual reticulation systems by monitoring inherent fluorescent organic matter

“…The use of TOC and the EC showed more promise, as in some instances values of potable and recycled water were able to be differentiated; however, there were still significant overlaps between each water source, and therefore use of these parameters independently cannot be seen to provide a solution to cross-connection monitoring. It is therefore understandable that the use of methods such as TOC concentration for cross-connection detection has met with limited success [62,63].…”

Fingerprinting groundwater pollution in catchments with contrasting contaminant sources using microorganic compounds

“…Wastewaters are the main sources of organics in the environment and surface waters therefore contain the greatest loads. There have been a large number of studies investigating the fate of microorganics in groundwater following the infiltration of wastewater to the ground (Clara et al, 2004;Drewes et al, 2003;Gasser et al, 2010;Glassmeyer et al, 2008;Grünheid et al, 2005;Heberer and Adam, 2004;Heberer et al, 1997;Katz et al, 2009;Rabiet et al, 2006;Sacher et al, 2001;Snyder et al, 2004).…”