Comparing physicochemical properties of printed and hand cast biocements designed for ligament replacement

Abstract

How to cite:Mehrban, N.; Paxton, J. Z.; Bowen, J.; Bolarinwa, A.; Vorndran, E.; Gbureck, U. and Grover, L. M. (2011 AbstractIn order to combat the low regenerative capabilities of ligaments full 'bone to bone' replacements are required, which will integrate with bone while providing a smooth transition to the replacement soft tissue (tissues surrounding organs in the body, not being bone). This study investigated the use of 3D powder printing technology to form calcium phosphate brackets, previously used for forming bespoke scaffold geometries, to 95% ± 0.1% accuracy of their original CAD design. The surface and internal structure of the printed samples was characterised both chemically and morphologically and compared with hand-moulded cements in the dry state and after 3 days of immersion in phosphate buffered saline. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) all showed the presence of brushite in the hand-moulded samples and brushite and monetite within the printed samples. Furthermore, the printed structures have a higher level of porosity in the dry state in comparison to the hand-moulded (36 ± 2.2% compared to 24 ± 0.74%) despite exhibiting a compressive strength of almost double the hand cast material. Although the compressive strength of the printed cements decreases after the 3-day immersion, there was no significant difference between the printed and hand-moulded cements under the same conditions. 3D powder printing technology has enabled the manufacture of bespoke calcium phosphate brackets with properties similar to those reported for hand-moulded cements.

A novel method for monitoring mineralisation in hydrogels at the engineered hard–soft tissue interface

“…2B) show characteristic peaks for each individual material as previously reported in the literature. 37,38 For the alginate hydrogel, the asymmetric stretching of the COO-group (ν 3 ) appears around 1614 cm −1 , while the symmetrical stretching of this side group (ν 1 ) is present at 1414 cm −1 . Also, C-O-C stretching modes (ν 1 ) are seen at wavenumbers around 1290 cm −1 and 820-1140 cm −1 .…”

Organotypic Culture of Bone‐Like Structures Using Composite Ceramic‐Fibrin Scaffolds

“…The fibrin‐contraction approach to forming 3‐D tissues that underpins this organotypic bone system has been created and diversified over the past 8 years to suit a variety of cell phenotypes (Baar, ; Bannerman, Paxton, & Grover, ; Huang, Dennis, Larkin, & Baar, ; Iordachescu et al., ; Iordachescu et al., ; Koburger, Bannerman et al. ; Lebled, Grover, & Paxton, ; Mehrban et al., ; Paxton, Donnelly, Keatch, Baar, & Grover, ; Paxton, Grover et al. ; Paxton, Wudebwe, Wang, Woods, & Grover, ; Shaw, Lee‐Barthel, Ross, Wang, & Baar, ; Wang et al., ; Wudebwe et al., ).…”

Structural changes to resorbable calcium phosphate bioceramic aged in vitro

“…The 3D printed CaP provides an initial condition from which to perform a systematic study such as the one presented here; this is only possible because of the reproducible compositions and microstructures afforded by the 3D printing process. Scaffold manufacture requires the use of H 3 PO 4 solution to facilitate rapid setting, followed by further hardening during immersion in H 3 PO 4 solution, resulting in a material that is a blend of brushite and monetite, as reported by Mehrban et al [40]. It was found that bespoke scaffold geometries could be formed in this way to 95 ± 0.1 % dimensional accuracy of their original computer-aided design, yielding cements with highly reproducible structures.…”