Comparing problem gamblers with moderate-risk gamblers in a sample of university students

Shen, Yi; Kairouz, Sylvia; Nadeau, Louise; Robillard, Chantal

doi:10.1556/2006.4.2015.002

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Women spend less on on‐line gambling than men . High gambling expenditure is associated clearly with problem gambling , as is high gambling frequency and increased experienced harms . Many aspects of women's and men's gambling behaviour appear to differ considerably .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between gambling expenditure, socio‐demographics, health‐related correlates and gambling behaviour—a cross‐sectional population‐based survey in Finland

et al. 2017

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AimsTo investigate gambling expenditure and its relationship with socio‐demographics, health‐related correlates and past‐year gambling behaviour.DesignCross‐sectional population survey.SettingPopulation‐based survey in Finland.ParticipantsFinnish people aged 15–74 years drawn randomly from the Population Information System. The participants in this study were past‐year gamblers with gambling expenditure data available (n = 3251, 1418 women and 1833 men).MeasurementsExpenditure shares, means of weekly gambling expenditure (WGE, €) and monthly gambling expenditure as a percentage of net income (MGE/NI, %) were calculated. The correlates used were perceived health, smoking, mental health [Mental Health Inventory (MHI)‐5], alcohol use [Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)‐C], game types, gambling frequency, gambling mode and gambling severity [South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS)].FindingsGender (men versus women) was found to be associated significantly with gambling expenditure, with exp(β) = 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.29, 1.52 and P < 0.005 for WGE, and exp(β) = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.27, 1.51 and P < 0.005 for MGE/NI. All gambling behaviour correlates were associated significantly with WGE and MGE/NI: gambling frequency (several times a week versus once a month/less than monthly, exp(β) = 30.75, 95% CI = 26.89, 35.17 and P < 0.005 for WGE, and exp(β) = 31.43, 95% CI = 27.41, 36.03 and P < 0.005 for MGE/NI), gambling severity (probable pathological gamblers versus non‐problem gamblers, exp(β) = 2.83, 95% CI = 2.12, 3.77 and P < 0.005 for WGE, and exp(β) = 2.67, 95% CI = 2.00, 3.57 and P < 0.005 for MGE/NI) and on‐line gambling (on‐line and land‐based versus land‐based only, exp(β) = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.24, 1.47 and P < 0.005 for WGE, and exp(β) = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.24, 1.47 and P < 0.005 for MGE/NI).ConclusionsIn Finland, male gender is associated significantly with both weekly gambling expenditure and monthly gambling expenditure related to net income. People in Finland with lower incomes contribute proportionally more of their income to gambling compared with middle‐ and high‐income groups.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between gambling expenditure, socio‐demographics, health‐related correlates and gambling behaviour—a cross‐sectional population‐based survey in Finland

et al. 2017

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“…Although the latter procedure is understandable from a methodological perspective, as, particularly in representative surveys, the number of pathological gamblers is often too small for statistical analysis, it is nevertheless questionable when it comes to content. Thus, Shen et al ( 2015 ) showed that moderate-risk gamblers (Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI): 3–7) differ significantly from problem gamblers (PGSI: ≥8) regarding psychological distress and possible alcohol dependence. Furthermore, the latter group participates significantly more frequently in poker games and sports betting and also takes part in online gambling considerably more often.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Potential Risk Factors for at-Risk Gambling, Problem Gambling and Gambling Disorder among Current Gamblers—Results of the Austrian Representative Survey 2015

Buth

Wurst

Thon³

et al. 2017

Front. Psychol.

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Background: The risk of developing a problem gambling behavior is distributed unequally among the population. For example, individuals who report stressful life events, show impairments of mental health or belong to a socio-economically deprived group are affected more frequently by gambling problems. The aim of our study is to investigate whether these risk factors are equally relevant for all gambling groups (social = 0 DSM-5 criteria, at risk = 1 DSM-5 criterion, problem = 2–3 DSM-5 criteria, disordered = 4–9 DSM-5 criteria).Methods: Of a total of 10,000 participants in the representative gambling survey in Austria in 2015, 4,082 individuals reported gambling during the last 12 months and were allocated to the four gambling groups according to DSM-5. With social gamblers as the reference group, relevant risk factors for the other three groups were identified by means of bi- and multivariate multinomial logistic regression.Results: Significant risk factors for gambling disorder are at-risk alcohol use (OR = 4.9), poor mental health (OR = 5.9), young age (≤26 years, OR = 2.1), a low level of formal education (OR = 2.4), having grown up with a single parent (OR = 2.5), parents with addiction problems (OR = 2.3) and belonging to the working class (OR = 2.9). Risk factors for problem gambling are parents with addiction problems (OR = 3.8), poor mental health (OR = 2.6) and a young age (OR = 2.2). With regard to at-risk gambling, only growing up with a single parent was relevant (OR = 2.4).Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study suggest, that the number and the influence of the included risk factors differ between gambling problem groups. Apparently, the development of severe gambling problems is to a lesser extent facilitated by specific risk factors than by their cumulative presence. Therefore, future prevention and treatment measures should place a particular focus on individuals who have experienced growing up in a difficult family situation, have poor mental health, suffer from substance-related problems or have a low level of formal education.

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“…The final interview sample constituted of seven MR and all (n = 5) of the PG. Although significant differences can be found between MR and PG (Shen et al, 2015), both groups were combined to have a sufficient number of cases for category saturation during analysis. Both focus group discussions and individual interviews gathered information on gambling context (e.g., gambling location and setting, gambling partners) and practices (e.g., expenditures and time, subjective experiences).…”

Section: Methods Sampling and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although average gambling expenditures increase across the gambling spectrum from non-problem to problem gambler groups, problem gamblers were found to spend at least $250 per month compared to $41.6 for moderate-risk gamblers, and 7.05% of annual income compared to 1.51% in each respective groups (Currie, Hodgins, & Casey, 2013). Within university populations, analyses of monthly spending and annual debt have also revealed that problem gamblers spend significantly more money and accumulate significantly more annual debt than moderate-risk gamblers (Shen, Kairouz, Nadeau, & Robillard, 2015). College students have been known to present more risky behaviours, including a greater vulnerability to gambling problems (Powell, Hardoon, Derevensky, & Gupta, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Win or Lose: Negotiating meaning of time and money within three gambling settings

Robillard

Kairouz

Monson

2017

JGI

Self Cite

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The rational management of expenditures has received much attention in the evaluation of problem gambling, overlooking however the contribution of the sociocultural context in which gambling occurs. This paper examines how moderaterisk and problem gamblers develop specific semantic frames within three settingsprivate, casino, and online-to structure time and money management to cope with all the contingencies associated with games of chance. Data were drawn from a qualitative component of a large survey of gambling practices conducted in 2008 among a random representative sample of Canadian undergraduate students. Focus groups were held with non-problem/low-risk gamblers (n = 15) and 90-minute semistructured interviews were conducted with the moderate-risk/problem gamblers (n = 12). Analysis was carried out by applying a theory-driven coding template derived from a syncretic theoretical model combining an adapted version of an ecological model of gambling with game studies approaches. The exploration of three gambling settings demonstrates how each setting structures meaning and management of time and money. Negotiations between players of such structuro-semantic frames are central to maintaining each participant's ease and engagement with the game. This intersubjectivity needs to be addressed when understanding risk and should be included in future health promotion efforts.Keywords: addiction, youth risk, Goffman, qualitative methods, gambling, Canada, context, poker, college students RésuméLa gestion rationnelle des dépenses a suscité beaucoup d'attention dans l'évaluation du jeu problématique, mais on a négligé l'influence du contexte socioculturel dans lequel se pratique le jeu. Cet article examine comment les joueurs à risque modéré

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Comparing problem gamblers with moderate-risk gamblers in a sample of university students

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

The relationship between gambling expenditure, socio‐demographics, health‐related correlates and gambling behaviour—a cross‐sectional population‐based survey in Finland

The relationship between gambling expenditure, socio‐demographics, health‐related correlates and gambling behaviour—a cross‐sectional population‐based survey in Finland

Comparative Analysis of Potential Risk Factors for at-Risk Gambling, Problem Gambling and Gambling Disorder among Current Gamblers—Results of the Austrian Representative Survey 2015

Win or Lose: Negotiating meaning of time and money within three gambling settings

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