Comparing silvopastoral systems and prospects in eight regions of the world

Cubbage, Frederick W.; Balmelli, Gustavo; Bussoni, Adriana; Noellemeyer, Elke; Pachas, Anibal Nahuel Alejandro; Fassola, Hugo Enrique; Colcombet, Luis; Rossner, Belén; Frey, Gregory E.; Dubé, Francis; Silva, Marcio Lopes de; Stevenson, Hayley; Hamilton, James W.; Hubbard, W. G.

doi:10.1007/s10457-012-9482-z

Cited by 119 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…By adopting site-specific genotype, minimum cultivation, fertilization and other techniques, the average productivity of the eucalypt forests established in the monoculture (6-12 m 2 per plant) increased to about 40 m 3 ha -1 year -1 (Gonçalves et al 2004;ABRAF 2013), although an even higher productivity can be achieved with adequate fertilization and irrigation (Stape et al 2010). The eucalypt has been established in monoculture in more than 4.5 million hectares (ABRAF 2013) and, has also been adopted in the agroforestry systems in Brazil (Dubè et al 2002;Oliveira Neto et al 2010;Fontan et al 2011;Cubbage et al 2012) due to its high productivity and wide variety of genotypes and multiproducts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eucalypt growth in monoculture and silvopastoral systems with varied tree initial densities and spatial arrangements

Paula

Reis

et al. 2013

Agroforest Syst

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Brazil has large stretches of degraded land, mainly occupied by pasture. Recently, the Brazilian government created a program providing financial support to recover these lands throughout the country by establishing agroforestry systems, among others. To select the most appropriate initial spatial arrangements and tree planting density for such systems, the plant growth and leaf area index (LAI) of a Eucalyptus camaldulensis clone were evaluated in five spatial arrangements: 3.6 9 2.5 m, and 3.3 9 3.3 m (monoculture), and (2 9 2) ? 10 m, (3 9 3) ? 9 m, and 9 9 3 m (silvopastoral systems), with 1,111, 918, 833, 556 and 370 plants per hectare, respectively. The arrangement did not affect plant height growth (p [ 0.05) up to 50 months. The average diameter was affected by plant proximity in the planting line, being smaller (p \ 0.05) in the arrangements (2 9 2) ? 10 m, and 3.6 9 2.5 m, and by the number of lines in the rows, as the plants in the single line arrangement (9 9 3 m) attained the highest diameter. Individual volumes of high initial density stand were lower than in the silvopastoral systems. The arrangements (2 9 2) ? 10 m, 3.6 9 2.5 m, and 3.3 9 3.3 m did not differ (p [ 0.05) in volume per hectare, which was higher (p \ 0.05) than for the other arrangements studied. LAI decreased with age and it was higher (p \ 0.01) in the monoculture as compared to the silvopastoral systems. The silvopastoral system can be established in the (2 9 2) ? 10 m arrangement for high biomass production besides having the additional benefit of financial returns from the pasture, as compared with the monoculture. The 9 9 3 m arrangement is preferable for large diameter log production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eucalypt growth in monoculture and silvopastoral systems with varied tree initial densities and spatial arrangements

Paula

Reis

et al. 2013

Agroforest Syst

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“…These systems are utilised for the livestock of several different species in management regimes (Cubbage et al 2012). The animals' natural pastures provide an environment in which animals are free to perform their characteristic behaviours (Braghieri et al 2011b).…”

Section: Silvopastoral Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Provide natural shade (Cubbage et al 2012) ↑ Time for walking (P ≤ 0.05) and eating (P ≤ 0.01) (Braghieri et al 2011b) ↓ Space required for production (Dikdan and Garcia 2012) Allow the normal wallowing behaviour of this species (Antowiak et al…”

Section: Advantagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The behaviour and productivity of water buffalo in different breeding systems: a review

Cruz-Cruz¹,

Guerrero‐Legarreta²,

Ramírez-Necoechea³

et al. 2014

Vet. Med.

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This review examines the behaviour and productivity of the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) under different breeding systems and in relation to meat and milk production. At present, the steady increment in the consumption of products and sub-products of this species has generated the need to increase the number of animals incorporated into production by progressively expanding the use of stabling systems, reducing the space available to these animals, and applying techniques developed previously for meat and milk production in bovines. However, because such adaptations often fail to take into account important biological and behavioural features of these animals, they may result in serious problems of animal welfare. On the other hand, it is known that water buffaloes adapt well to humid tropical climates, especially in systems that provide extensive, continuous pastureland. These species are highly susceptible to thermal stress, a fact that leads them to constantly perform wallowing behaviour. For all these reasons, open-air and, above all, silvopastoral, systems represent attractive options because they combine the presence of forage plants with trees that provide natural shade and serve as wind barriers, thus attenuating the negative effects of tropical climes. These measures help increase productivity by promoting greater forage consumption and fostering the expression of the species' natural behaviours, but the reduction in human contact affects their welfare. Hence, this review concludes that welfare is a fundamental concept that must be taken into account in the development of systems for water buffalo production.

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“…An alternative to thinning is to plant trees at lower densities, such as in the case of silvopastoral regimes. These regimes combine trees, forage and livestock occupying the same plot of land (Cubbage et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pruning of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla planted at low density in Southeastern Brazil

Filho

Carvalho

Ribeiro

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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Tree pruning is a silvicultural operation that aims to improve wood quality, but care must be taken regarding the timing and height of the lift to ensure that tree growth is not negatively affected. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of different pruning heights on height and diameter growth of Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla. The experiment was done in a one year old stand which was planted at 9 × 3 m spacing, managed under a silvopastoral regime, and located in João Pinheiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Pruning treatments removed branches carrying the lower green crown as follows: 0% (unpruned), 20, 40, and 60% of total tree height. Diameter at breast height (DBH at 1.3 m) and total height of all trees in the sample plots were measured prior to pruning and one year after pruning. Compared to the unpruned control, pruning significantly reduced mean DBH and total height in the 40 and 60% treatments but not in the 20% treatment. Thus, it was concluded that when pruning operation is done before canopy closure not more than 20% of lower green crow should be removed to avoid tree growth reduction.

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Comparing silvopastoral systems and prospects in eight regions of the world

Cited by 119 publications

References 18 publications

Eucalypt growth in monoculture and silvopastoral systems with varied tree initial densities and spatial arrangements

Eucalypt growth in monoculture and silvopastoral systems with varied tree initial densities and spatial arrangements

The behaviour and productivity of water buffalo in different breeding systems: a review

Pruning of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla planted at low density in Southeastern Brazil

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