Comparing the Anticancer Activities of Green-Synthesized Ginsenoside and Transformed Ginsenoside Nanoconjugates (Ag, Au, and Pt)

Abstract

Aim: To assess the anticancer activity of nanoparticles synthesized via a green method using American ginseng (AG). Methods: Stem-leaf saponins from AG (SAG) and heat-transformed stem-leaf saponins from AG (TSAG) were used to synthesize different SAG nanoparticles (SAG-NPs) and TSAG nanoparticles (TSAG-NPs). The NPs were characterized, and their anticancer activity was assessed in vitro. Results: The NPs, which differed in size (16.69 nm∼253.8 nm), were spherical or polyhedral with a low PDI and good stability. The TSAG-NPs inhibited cancer cells by inhibiting proliferation, promoting cancer cell apoptosis and directly leading cancer cells to necrosis. The small cell lung cancer cell line (SCLC) NCI-H446 was the most sensitive to the TSAG-AgNPs, with an IC50 value of 20.71±2.38 μg/mL, and the TSAG-AgNPs inhibited invasiveness and reduced the risk of metastasis. Conclusion: TSAG-AgNPs, selected from many SAG-NPs and TSAG-NPs, are sensitive to SCLC and provide a new approach to the currently limited treatment.

Natural compounds targeting cellular redox homeostasis in malignancies

“…Ginsenoside-Rh4 (G-Rh4) increases the accumulation of ROS in colon cancer and subsequently activates the JNK-p53 pathway to induce autophagy, leading to apoptosis (100). One study in NSCLC, G-Rg3 combined with chemotherapy could better improve the object response rate (ORR) (101,102).…”