Comparing the Characteristics of 3D Torso Surface Curvatures between Young Men and Women

Surface Shape Features of 3D Tight-Fitting Skirts Using Angle Curvatures in Virtual Reality

“…Therefore, based on the Gauss-Bonnet theorem, the total values of the Sum Kc and Sum kc for all the female trunks were "-720° = Euler number 2 × -2π (-360°)". The differences between the 3D body trunks with convex and concave surfaces and the 2D tight-fitting bodice patterns covering a convex surface were confirmed in previous papers [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

“…Therefore, we have proposed the construction of a 3D fashion factory or boutique ordering system (denoted by 3D-FFB) to support communication between the retailers and consumers utilizing the 3D body shapes and the 3D garment design images for adult women's garments as an implementation of the eco design using IT reported in previous papers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Previous research studies examined the 3D body shapes and 2D garment patterns of females and males via the 3D and 2D curved surface curvature using angles [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Classification of 3D-body Curved Surface Shape of Adult Females in the Extensive Age Group Using Angle Curvatures

“…As specific angle values, Kc displayed the elliptical curved surface and hyperboloid shape of the 3D chest curved shape, etc., and kc showed the degree of concave and convex curvature bending of the neck line, etc. In previous studies [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], the 3D curved shapes of the 3D-body trunk and the 2Dfitting bodices in about 350 young men and women were extracted by using the angle of Kc and kc. The value of the curvature due to the angle can also express the shape of the 2D garment pattern in the same manner as the 3D-body shape.…”

Classification Features of 3D-body Curved Surface Shapes of Adult Males in the Extensive Age Group Using Angle Curvatures

“…In the previous papers, the 3D-body curved surface shapes [3][4][5], the 2D pattern curved shapes [6][7][8], the 3D curved surface shapes of the 3D tight-fitting skirts [9], and the 3D curved surface shapes of the 3D tight and flared skirts [10][11] in the adult females (approximately 20s to 80s) and young males (approximately 20s) were classified according to three curvature values using angles. The three angle curvature values were able to represent the concentrated Gaussian curvature Kc, the concentrated geodesic curvature kc, and the concentrated mean curvature Hc [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The three curvature values display the different 3D curved surface shapes using the positive or negative values: the positive Kc (+Kc; elliptical curved shape), the negative Kc (-Kc; hyperbolic curved shape), the positive kc (+kc; convex curved line), the negative kc (-kc; concave curved line), the positive Hc (+Hc; convex curved shape), and the negative Hc (-Hc; concave curved shape).…”

“…For example, the convex hyperbolic curved surface shape (-Kc and +Hc) represented the sewing shape of the diamond-shaped darts in the 2D pattern of the tight-fitting torso and tight skirt [10][11] and the 3D-body curved surface shape [1] from the chest to the waist to the abdomen. The convex elliptical curved surface shape (+Kc and +Hc) displayed the sewing shape of the triangular-shaped darts in the 2D patterns of the tight-fitting torso and tight skirt [6][7][8][10][11] and the curved shapes of the 3D-body and 3D tight skirt [1][2][3][4][5]9] from the waist to the abdomen.…”