“…Some instructors/researchers have presented anecdotal evidence suggesting that active learning is effective (e.g., Knypstra, 2009;Bates Prins, 2009) and others have presented evidence that students' exam scores are higher when taught with an active learning approach than when taught with more traditional approaches (e.g., Christopher and Marek, 2009;Steinhorst and Keeler, 1995;Ryan, 2006;Yoder and Hochevar, 2005). Although numerous studies have found active learning to be effective, others have found it to have no effect (e.g., Pfaff and Weinberg, 2009) or even to hinder student performance (e.g., Weltman and Whiteside, 2010).…”