Comparing the environmental performances of new and renovated school buildings

Abstract

Evaluating which is the best choice between renovating an existing construction or building a new structure in countries like Italy, where a huge post-war un-listed building heritage does not satisfy the current standards and the economic resources are limited, is not trivial. Several parameters come into play, such as such the extent of the construction work, the environmental cost of disposing old materials, the carbon footprint and volume of new materials. This paper is devoted to the analysis of two projects. The first consists of a renovation of a multi-storey existing school built in 1960s having total area of about 9900 m2. The second is a new construction of a three-story school having a total area of about 14000 m2 and made with timber. The results show that the existing school building, although having a lower embodied carbon related to materials, has a higher overall carbon footprint due to the CO2 emissions related to operational energy.

Flowchart Design for Checking of Supplier’s Financial Claims

“…The current literature can be divided into two groups: first, there are several introductions focusing on claim management (mainly in the Anglo-American environment) [9,10]; second, there are also individual case studies that deals with different areas, e.g. : the creation of a model within claim management [11], the main reasons for financial claims [12] or possible scenarios after a claim has been made [13]. Several review publications on the topic have also been published by German authors [14,15].…”

“…The output of this verification is admissible (unit) costs with regard to the calculated usual (unit) price. Similar approaches, where emphasis is placed on careful preparation and analysis to ensure the efficiency and success of projects, be it the financial demands of construction or the preservation of cultural heritage, is addressed in the paper [11].Checking the contractor's financial claim is a time-consuming and complex process, which, despite its complexity, can be simplified and described using a set of mutually dependent procedures. At the same time, these procedures are repeated very often, or more specifically -they are set up in a way that allows them to be repeated.…”

“…The output of this verification is admissible (unit) costs with regard to the calculated usual (unit) price. Similar approaches, where emphasis is placed on careful preparation and analysis to ensure the efficiency and success of projects, be it the financial demands of construction or the preservation of cultural heritage, is addressed in the paper [11].…”