Comparing the governance of safety in Europe

Edwards, Adam; Hughes, Gordon

doi:10.1177/1362480605054815

Cited by 84 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Governance signifies the erosion of constitutionalism as an established set of generally accepted principles in sovereign law. It is post-constitutionalist, that is, in a scene populated by many different interconnected and partial actors, governance offers a common mode of effective political stability and functioning (for example: Bevir and Rhodes, 2003;Edwards and Hughes, 2005;EC Commission, 2001). In other words, the polity is not made possible by following predefined or abstract principles imposed by a central authority (usually the nation-state).…”

Section: Assembly Politics and The Ignorance Of Governancementioning

confidence: 99%

Alter-ontologies: Towards a constituent politics in technoscience

Papadopoulos

2010

Soc Stud Sci

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This paper identifies four recent conceptualisations of politics in relation to technoscience, which focus on expertise, institutional participation, the inclusion of non-human others, and the importance of marginalised experiences. The paper argues that each of these forms of politics is mainly concerned with renegotiating the already constituted terms of inclusion in a specific technoscientific field. While in many cases such a strategy is necessary, the paper aims to open up discussion of alternative forms of politics that act as constituent forces of radical social and material transformation in technoscience: alter-ontologies.Keywords alter-ontology, assembly, constituent politics, expertise, objectivity, participation, situated knowledges, technoscience Attempts to find definite descriptions of the connection between technoscience and politics are usually prone to reductionism and oversimplification. The traditional way in philosophy of science to think of this relation was epistemology, where the content of technoscience and the associated politics were subordinated to ways of knowing and defining truth (Alcoff, 1998). Social studies of science emerging in the 1970s contested this view, but their attempts to question traditional epistemology devolved into a new cycle of epistemological disputes between proponents of rationality and sociality (Longino, 2002). These debates will be briefly discussed later in this paper. My argument here is that epistemology is less useful as a tool for discerning and navigating through the intricacies of scientific knowledge/politics than as a tool for reproducing them by other means. The covert politics of epistemology culminated in provoking the science wars of the 1990s.The response to these heated debates in science and technology studies (STS) was an attempt to exit epistemology altogether. Furthermore, there is an increasing tendency to consider science together with technological and other applications --as technoscience or in the words of Jerome Ravetz (2006) post-normal science. These changes led to a new understanding of objectivity; one that limits its validity in time and space to a certain field but nevertheless recognizes that technoscientific knowledge holds objective status within that -2-field. That is, knowledge is shaped by the actual process of technoscientific research and its objects and simultaneously shapes social relations and material arrangements in each particular field. Here, I use the expression 'regions of objectivity' to refer to the ultimate horizon against which any question about politics in technoscience can be discussed. In the sections that follow, I will discuss four current conceptualizations of how politics is considered to be operative in a region of objectivity. I start with a formalist approach to politics, which is mainly concerned with rethinking expertise and creating the appropriate procedures for considering legitimate experts in a debate. A second approach to politics, participatory politics, is concerned with the ex...

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Section: Assembly Politics and The Ignorance Of Governancementioning

confidence: 99%

Alter-ontologies: Towards a constituent politics in technoscience

Papadopoulos

2010

Soc Stud Sci

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“…Through the research network, community safety and local crime prevention concepts have spread to various national contexts (Crawford, 2009), as part of a broad cross-national exchange of criminological ideas (Edwards & Hughes, 2005b). However, the implementation of preventive crime control policies differs among European countries in terms of timing, content, and direction (Garland, 2001; for a comparison with non-European countries, see Barak, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Behind a seemingly general interest -i.e., social order and public safety -lies a program that favours socio-economically strong groups and their particular view of what constitutes "good social life" (cf. Edwards & Hughes, 2005b). Other groups' views and needs are overshadowed, and the fundamental question "safety for whom?"…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Although there is considerable convergence in Europe and elsewhere in the world concerning crime prevention goals (EC, 2004;ICPC, 2008;Ruggiero et al, 1998), there are national differences in policy instruments and implementation (Crawford, 2009;Edwards & Hughes, 2005b). Local crime prevention councils and actors depend on criminological input from experts who are part of national and international policy is converging to the international trend, we must also consider the transfer of this policy to the local level; the next two sections are devoted to this task.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Community Safety Policies in Sweden. A Policy Change in Crime Control Strategies?

Lidskog

Persson

2012

International Journal of Public Administration

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Abstract:Internationally, there has been a general trend towards crime prevention and community safety measures. The main policy ideas and instruments associated with this trend have spread widely in Western countries. This article examines the Swedish national crime prevention policy. As Sweden is a welfare society with a long tradition of social crime prevention, it is of great interest to explore to what extent the aforementioned trend has influenced its crime prevention policy. We do this by examining Sweden's national policy and how its concepts have spread to the local level-specifically, to municipalities and their local crime prevention councils. We find that there has been a preventive shift in Sweden, although not as far-reaching as in many other European countries. Substantial changes have occurred in the understanding and direction of crime prevention work, and the question is to what extent this development will continue.

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“…10 A corollary of the focus on power-dependence is a concern with the integral relationship between state power and civil society and the proposition that developments in one of these fields, such as the proliferation of serious crime networks, cannot be divorced from developments in the other, such as the degradation of state powers through austerity programmes. How this integral, necessary, relationship is contingently worked out in specific social contexts is a matter for concrete empirical case studies 11 underpinned by the framework for conceptualising governance and security advanced here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%